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Byzantine Gold and Electrum Coins
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Most numismatists agree that "Byzantine" coinage starts in 498 CE with the monetary reform of Anastasius. He reformed the Roman Empire's coinage system based around the gold solidus, with bronze nummi in various denominations being used for lower value transactions. The gold solidus (or later nomisma) remained the standard until the 11th century, when it began to be debased under successive emperors beginning in the 1030s under the emperor Romanos Argyros (1028–1034). Until that time, the fineness of the gold remained consistent at about 95% pure or higher.
Michael IV the Paphlagonian (1034–41) ascended as Byzantine emperor in 1034 and began the process of debasing both the tetarteron nomisma (weighing 11/12 of a histamenon nomista) and the full-weight histamenon nomisma. The debasement reached about 21 carats (87.5% pure) during the reign of Constantine IX (1042–1055), 18 carats (75%) under Constantine X (1059–1067), 16 carats (66.7%) under Romanus IV (1068–1071), 14 carats (58%) under Michael VII (1071–1078), 8 carats (33%) under Nicephorus III (1078–1081) and 0 to 8 carats during the first eleven years of the reign of Alexius I (1081–1118).
In 1092, Alexius I Comnenus discontinued the debased solidus (tetarteron and histamenon) and re-introduced a gold coin of higher fineness called the hyperpyron, but in 1367, the Byzantine Empire stopped producing gold coins altogether.
13 files, last one added on May 13, 2023 Album viewed 64 times
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The Kings of Cappadocia
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The Kingdom of Cappadocia was a Hellenistic-era Iranian kingdom in Asia Minor, roughly in the location of present-day Turkey. When Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great) invaded Cappadocia as part of his conquest of the Persian Empire, he appointed 2 governors. Unlike most Persian regions of Alexander's empire, Cappadocia declared independence in 331 and Ariarathes I assumed power, becoming the first king of the newly established Kingdom of Cappadocia.
Throughout its history, it was ruled by three families in succession; the House of Ariarathes (331–96 BC), the House of Ariobarzanes (96–36 BC), and lastly that of Archelaus (36 BC–17 AD). In 17 AD, following the death of Archelaus and during the reign of Roman emperor Tiberius (14–37 AD), the kingdom was incorporated as a fully functioning Roman province.
18 files, last one added on Mar 10, 2023 Album viewed 49 times
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Last additions - Ron C2's Gallery |

Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 68Septimius Severus AR denarius
2.62g, 17.5mm, 0 degrees, Rome mint, 195 CE
Attribution: RIC IVa 68. Cohen 391. BMCRE V 124.
O: L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP VII, laureate head right.
R: P M TR P III COS II P P, Minerva standing left holding spear and round shield.
53 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.100.
Ex-Aegean Numismatics, SKU0723539, August 2023.Ron C2Sep 05, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 49Septimius Severus AR denarius
2.96g, 19.0mm, 180 degrees, Rome mint, 194 CE
Attribution: RIC IVa 49. Cohen 381. BMCRE V 76.
O: L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP IIII, laureate head right.
R: P M TR P II COS II P P, Minerva standing left holding spear and round shield.
19 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.100.
Ex-Tom Vossen Coins, July 2023.Ron C2Aug 04, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 398Septimius Severus AR denarius
3.38g, 18.0mm, 15 degrees, Emesa mint, 194-195 CE
Attribution: RIC IVa 398. Cohen 283 var. BMCRE V 374.
O: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right.
R: LIBER AVG, Liberalitas standing left, holding account-board and cornucopiae.
12 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.97.
Ex-Tom Vossen Coins, July 2023.Ron C2Aug 04, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 397Septimius Severus AR denarius
3.32g, 17.1mm, 180 degrees, Emesa mint, 193 CE.
Attribution: RIC IVa 397. Cohen 274. BMCRE V 371.
O: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right.
R: LEG XIIII GEM M V TR P COS, Legionary eagle between two standards.
LEG XIIII is Gemina, the twinned Fourteenth Legion.
4 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.97.
Ex-Gert Boersema Ancient Coins, July 2023.Ron C2Aug 02, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 425Septimius Severus AR denarius
2.97g, 16.2mm, 0 degrees, Emesa mint, 194-195 CE
Attribution: RIC IVa 425. Cohen 697. BMCRE V 397.
O: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right.
R: VICTOR AVG, Victory advancing to left, holding wreath and palm.
18 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.103.
Ex-Forum coin, No. RS111583, Ex-Numismatik Naumann auction 124, lot 986 (part of), 8 Jan 2023.Ron C2Jun 01, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 85Septimius Severus AR denarius
3.83g, 17.2mm, 0 degrees, Rome mint, 196 CE.
Attribution: RIC IVa 85. Cohen 429. BMCRE V 142.
O: L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP VIII, laureate head right.
R: P M TR P IIII COS II P P, Pax seated left, holding branch and sceptre.
26 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.96.
Ex-Victor's Imperial Coins.Ron C2Jun 01, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 27a3.01g, 18.5mm, 0 degrees, Rome mint, 193-194 CE.
Attribution: RIC IVa 27a. Cohen -. BMCRE V 60.
O: L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP II, laureate head right.
R: LIBERO PATRI, Bacchus (Liber) standing left, pouring wine from an oenochoe (a type of wine jug) over a panther and clutching a thyrsus.
Note: A thyrsus is a wand of giant fennel covered with ivy vines and leaves, sometimes wound with taeniae (ribbon) and topped with a pine cone or by a bunch of vine-leaves and grapes or ivy-leaves and berries.
1 example in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.98.
Ex-Victor's Imperial Coins.Ron C2Jun 01, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa, 113Septimius Severus AE Danarius
3.08g, 17.0mm, 0 degrees, Rome mint, 197-198 CE.
Attribution: RIC IVa, 113. Cohen 315. BMCRE V 250-1.
O: L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP X. Laureate head right.
R: MARTI PACIFERO, Mars standing to left, foot on cuirass(?), holding branch and inverted spear.
110 examples in Reka Denia Hoard. Mouchmov P. 98.
Ex-Roma Numismatics E-sale 108, lot 980, April 13, 2023.Ron C2Jun 01, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 14Septimius Severus AR denarius
3.34g, 17.0mm, 180 degrees, Rome mint, 194 CE.
Attribution: RIC IVa 14. Cohen 272. BMCRE V 20.
O: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, laureate head right.
R: LEG XIIII GEM M V TR P COS, Legionary eagle between two standards.
LEG XIIII is Gemina, the twinned Fourteenth Legion.
18 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.97.
Ex-N&N Collection.Ron C2Jun 01, 2023
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Postumus Antoninianus RIC Vb 67Postumus AR (BI) Antoninianus
3.46g, 21.9mm, 180 degrees, Lugdunum mint, 260-269 CE.
Attribution: RIC Vb 67. Cohen 101.
O: IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, bust, radiate, draped and cuirassed, right.
R: HERC PACIFERO, Hercules standing right, holding olive branch, club & lion's skin.
Ex-Incitatus CoinsRon C2May 24, 2023
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Septimius Severus Denarius RIC IVa 166Septimius Severus AR denarius
2.79g, 20.1mm, 180 degrees, Rome mint, 200-210 CE
Attribution: RIC IVa 166. Cohen 586. BMCRE V 197.
O: SEVERVS AVG PART MAX, laureate head right.
R: PROVID AVGG, Providentia standing left, wand in right hand held over globe at feet on left, long grounded scepter vertical in left hand; graffito in right field (BNI?).
77 examples in Reka Devnia, Mouchmov P.102.
Ex-FORUM coin No. RS111541. Ex-Numismatik Naumann auction 124 (8 Jan 2023), lot 945 (part of).Ron C2May 14, 2023
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Justin II Solidus Sear 344Justin II AV Solidus
4.35g, 20.2mm, 180 degrees, Constantinople mint, 565-578 CE
Attribution: Sear 344, DOC 3, MIB 5.
O: D N IVSTINVS P P AVI, Helmeted and cuirassed bust facing with short beard, holding globe surmounted by Victory, and shield.
R: VICTORIA AVGGG, Constantinopolis seated facing, hear to right, holding spear and globus cruciger, CONOB in exergue, Officina I.
Ex-CNG eAuction 537 (26 Apr 2023) Lot 536.Ron C2May 13, 2023
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Random files - Ron C2's Gallery |
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Julia Domna Antoninianus RIC IVa 389aJulia Domna AR antoninianus
4.62g, 24.0mm, 345 degrees, Rome mint, 211-217 CE.
Attribution: RIC IVa, 339. Cohen 202.
O: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, bust draped right, with hair elaborately weaved in ridges and turned up at the back, diademed on crescent.
R: VENUS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding apple and scepter.
RIC mentions cupid being at Venus' feet, but the corresponding plate 13,20 does not show cupid and matches this reverse - likely an RIC error.
No examples in Reka Devnia.Ron C2
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