2 files, last one added on Feb 10, 2019
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Crawford 53/2 describes a large group of early anonymous denarii with an obverse of Roma with peaked visor. Eight different varieties are depicted in the plates of RRC, and more varieties have been identified since RRC was published. Hoard evidence and die link analysis strongly suggests different mint locations for these varieties, if not different issues - there are no known die links between coins in any two of the varieties. Crawford asserted that the coins with the peaked visor were roughly contemporary with the coins with the splayed visor (including 44/5 and others with symbols) around 211 BC. We now believe that the peaked visor coins came a few years later, probably around 209-8 BC well after the siege of Syracuse when the war theater moved to Apulia. We believe that all silver denarii were minted in Apulia at this time, not Rome.

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Early Silver coins of the denarius system with symbols and moneyer's monograms up to the end of the period where the primary design themes are the Roma head obverse and Dioscuri or various biga and quadriga reverses. Beyond this time, the variety of reverses and general designs of the coins becomes quite diverse, and represented in other albums.

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The largest fully anonymous issues without symbols or moneyer's insignias were grouped by Crawford into RRC groups 44 and 53. The arrangement of coins in this section of my collection include several other smaller and later issues which are classified by Crawford on the basis of their unique style or style relative to "siblings" with symbols. Additionally, since the publication of RRC, a few new fully anonymous varieties have been discovered. It should be noted that these newly discovered issues are major varieties, distinct from any other known styles of obverse and reverse pairs, and because of their uniqueness and lack of die linkage to other known anonymous types, it is assumed they were produced in separate mints or workshops by different die engravers than the known varieties.

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In Michael Crawford's first entry of the denarius system in "Roman Republican Coinage" he illustrates several varieties of the earliest anonymous denarius, its fractions, and the related denomination the Victoriatus in plate IX. The theme of this collection is the types illustrated in his plates and other later discovered variations.

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Roman silver coins of the Greek drachm unit of reckoning prior to the advent of the denarius.

3 files, last one added on Sep 29, 2018
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The Victoriatus was produced in conjunction with the denarius system but for a distinctly different purpose. Struck in the weight standard of the Greek drachm, it's intended circulation was in areas where this Greek unit was the primary unit of reckoning, largely southern Italy. There has been much discussion about the dating of the Victoriatus in relation to the denarius, and a popular theory is that it may have been produced separately and before the denarius by a few years. Victoriati are rarely found in hoards mixed in with denari and its fractions. When they are, they are usually in uneven numbers (a few denari and many victoriati, or many denari and few victoriati).

6 files, last one added on Mar 10, 2020
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