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Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, 4 B.C. - 6 A.D.
Herod Archelaus (a name meaning "leading the people") was ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, including the cities Caesarea and Jaffa, c. 4 B.C. to A.D. 6. Jerusalem was his capital. He was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samaritan, and was the brother of Herod Antipas, and the half-brother of Herod II. His father had modified his will, naming his younger brother, Antipas, king. Archelaus appealed to Rome and was awarded a large share of the kingdom. Augustus denied him the title king, but gave him the title ethnarch, with a promise to name him king if he governed well. He was so unpopular with his subjects that Augustus deposed him, banished him to Gaul and annexed his territory. Judea, Samaria, and Idumea became the Roman province of Judaea.
Archelaus is mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew (2:13–23). An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and told him to get up and take Mary and Jesus and flee to Egypt to avoid the Massacre of the Innocents. When Herod the Great died, Joseph was told by an angel in a dream to return to the land of Israel (presumably to Bethlehem). However, upon hearing that Archelaus had succeeded his father as ruler of Judaea he "was afraid to go there" (Matthew 2:22), and was again warned in a dream by God "and turned aside to the region of" Galilee. This is Matthew's explanation of why Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea but grew up in Nazareth.