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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Byzantine Coins| ▸ |Heraclean Dynasty| ▸ |Constans II||View Options:  |  |  | 
Constans II, September 641 - 15 July 668 A.D.

Joint rule with Heraclonas (his uncle), September - October 641 A.D.
Joint rule with Constantine IV (his son), 13 April 654 - 15 July 668 A.D.
Joint rule with Constantine IV, Heraclius and Tiberius (his sons), 2 June 659 - 15 July 668 A.D.
The son of Heraclius Constantine, Constans II was made co-emperor by his uncle, Heraclonas. He officialy ruled as Constantine. Constans was a nickname first used in Byzantine texts. Later in life, he was called Constans II Pogonatos, "the Bearded." Shortly after his elevation, the unpopular Heraclonas was deposed, mutilated and banished. During the reign of Constans II, Egypt was lost and would never again be part of the empire. Unpopular in Constantinople, near the end of his reign, he moved his capital to Syracuse, Sicily. Due to this unpopular move and his tyrannical behavior, he was assassinated in 668 and the capital was returned to Constantinople. He was succeeded by his sons, with Constantine IV assuming the role as senior emperor.		Map of Europe 650 AD

Byzantine Empire, Constans II and Constantine IV, 13 April 654 - 15 July 668 A.D.

|Constans| |II|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Constans| |II| |and| |Constantine| |IV,| |13| |April| |654| |-| |15| |July| |668| |A.D.||follis|
In 663, Constans II invaded southern Italy.BZ98061. Bronze follis, Anastasi 204, DOC II-2 181, SBCV 1110, Hahn MIB 210, Morrisson BnF 13/Sy/AE/09, Sommer 12.92, Wroth BMC 362, Tolstoi 374, Ratto 1638, gVF, well centered and struck, mottled green and red patina, weight 3.494 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, Sicily, Syracuse mint, 659 - 663; obverse Constans (left) in military attire with long cross in right, and Constantine in chlamys with globus cruciger in right, both crowned and stand facing; reverse large M flanked by Heraclius (left) and Tiberius, both stand facing in crown and chlamys, each holds globus cruciger in right, monogram (Kwt = Kwnstantine) above, SCL in exergue; $110.00 (€111.10)
 


|Constans| |II|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Constans| |II,| |September| |641| |-| |15| |July| |668| |A.D.||12| |nummi|
On 8 November 641, after a fourteen month siege, Alexandria capitulated to the Arab Muslims. In late 645 the Byzantines recaptured Alexandria but lost it again in May 646. This coin may have been struck either during the siege or during the short lived recovery. The last Byzantine attempt to recover Alexandria failed in 654.BZ94898. Bronze 12 nummi, DOC II-2 105; Morrisson BnF p. 350, 13/Al/AE/01; Hahn MIB 189; Ratto 1321 (Heraclius); SBCV 1027; Sommer 12.63; Wroth BMC -; Tolstoi -, gF, earthen deposits, overstruck, weight 7.571 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, die axis 180o, Alexandria mint, Sep - Nov 641 and/or late 645 - May 646; obverse Constans II standing facing, beardless, wearing crown and chlamys, long cross in left hand, globus cruciger in right hand, no legend; reverse large I-B (12 nummi), divided by cross potent on globe, pellet outer right and outer left, AΛEZ (Alexandria) in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; rare; $100.00 (€101.00)
 


|Constans| |II|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Constans| |II,| |September| |641| |-| |15| |July| |668| |A.D.||follis|
Grierson notes, "These coins are struck on irregular flans and often badly worn and corroded. Usually only a few letters of the reverse inscription are legible..."BZ97798. Bronze follis, Anastasi 75; Wroth BMC 345; Hahn MIB 204b; Sommer 12.86; SBCV 1103; Tolstoi 137; DOC II-1 p. 399, 9d (Heraclonas); Morrison BnF -, VF, nice green patina, overstruck on a clipped fraction of an older coin, undertype effects, ragged edge with splits, weight 5.455 g, maximum diameter 25.8 mm, die axis 210o, Syracuse mint, 641 - 644 A.D.; obverse IMPER CONST (or similar), bust of Constans II facing, beardless, wearing crown and chlamys, globus cruciger in right; reverse large M (40 nummi) above exergue line, small cross (no officina letter) before large S C (senatus consulto) below exergue line, A/N/A downward on left, N/E/O/ς downward on right; $80.00 (€80.80)
 







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REFERENCES

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Anastasi, M. Monete Bizantine di Sicilia. (NP, 2009).
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Berk, H. Eastern Roman Successors of the Sestertius. (Chicago, 1987).
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Grierson, P. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: Vol. 2, Part 2: Heraclius Constantine to Theodosius III. (Washington, D.C., 1968).
Hahn, W. Moneta Imperii Byzantini, Volume 3: Heraclius - Leo III (610 - 720). (Vienna, 1981).
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Hennequin, G. Catalogue des monnaies musulmanes de la Bibliotheque Nationale I, 491 - 711. (Paris, 1985).
Metlich, M. The Coinage of Ostrogothic Italy. (London, 2004).
Morrisson, C. Catalogue des Monnaies Byzantines de la Bibliothèque Nationale. (Paris, 1970).
Ranieri, E. La monetazione di Ravenna antica dal V all' VIII secolo: impero romano e bizantino, regno ostrogoto e langobardo. (Bologna, 2006).
Ratto, R. Monnaies Byzantines et d'autre Pays contemporaines à l'époque byzantine. (Lugano, 1930).
Ricotti-Prina, D. "La monetazione siciliana nell'epoca bizantina" in Numismatica 16 (1950), pp. 26 - 60.
Sabatier, J. Description générale des monnaies Byzantines. (Paris, 1863).
Sear, D. Byzantine Coins and Their Values. (London, 1987).
Tolstoi, I. Monnaies byzantines. (St. Petersburg, 1913 - 14).
Wroth, W. Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum. (London, 1908).
Wroth, W. Catalogue of the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths, Lombards and of the Empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea, and Trebizond in the British Museum. (London, 1911).

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