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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Hellenistic Monarchies| ▸ |Pergamene Kingdom||View Options:  |  |  |   

Pergamene Kingdom

Philetaerus, an officer under Lysimachus, deserted in 282 B.C., taking control of Pergamon and a large treasury deposited there. At first nominally a Seleukid suzerainty, Pergamon grew into a strong, prosperous and independent kingdom. Loyal allies of Rome in the Macedonian Wars and against the Seleucids, they were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor. When Attalus III died without an heir in 133 B.C., to prevent a civil war, he bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic.

Attalid Dynasty of |Pergamon
Philetaerus (282 - 263 BC)
Eumenes I (263 - 241 BC)
Attalus I Soter (241 - 197 BC)
Eumenes II (197 - 159 BC)
Attalus II Philadelphus (160 - 138 BC)
Attalus III (138 - 133 BC)
Eumenes III Aristonicus (pretender, 133 - 129 BC)

Pergamene Kingdom, Attalos I, 241 - 197 B.C.

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Attalos| |I,| |241| |-| |197| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
Attalus, a capable general, champion of the Greeks, and loyal ally of Rome, made Pergamon a powerful kingdom. He earned the name "Soter" (savior) by defeating the Galatians, who had plundered and exacted tribute for more than a generation. In the Macedonian Wars he allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon.
SH59510. Silver tetradrachm, Westermark group VIA; SNG BnF 1621, Meydancikkale 3045 ff., SNGvA 1359, SNG Delepierre -, SNG Cop -, VF, high-relief sculptural portrait, weight 16.428 g, maximum diameter 28.4 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, 263 - 241 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Philetaerus right in taenia; reverse ΦIΛETAIPOY downward on left, Athena enthroned left, crowning dynastic name with wreath in right hand, left arm resting on shield with gorgoneion at side, transverse spear in background, palm frond outer left, strung bow right; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Eumenes I, 263 - 241 B.C.

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Eumenes| |I,| |263| |-| |241| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
Upon his succession, Eumenes, perhaps with the encouragement of Ptolemy II, who was at war with the Seleucids, revolted, defeating the Seleucid king Antiochus I near the Lydian capital of Sardis in 261 B.C. He was thus able to free Pergamon and greatly increase the territories under his control. Although he never took the title of king, Eumenes did exercise all of the powers of one. Since he had no surviving heir, Eumenes adopted his second cousin, Attalus I, who succeeded him as ruler of Pergamon.
SH10706. Silver tetradrachm, Westermark group III (V.XVIII/R.4); SNG BnF 1606; SNG Cop 334; SNGvA 7453; Meydancikkale 3003; BMC Mysia p. 115, 31, Choice gVF, superb high relief portrait, well centered and struck, attractive toning, minor porosity, weight 16.92 g, maximum diameter 29.6 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, obverse head of Philetaerus right, wearing entwined laurel wreath and diadem; reverse ΦIΛETAIPOY downward on right, Athena enthroned left, wearing crested helmet, chiton and peplos, right hand supporting grounded round shield before her, shield ornamented with a gorgoneion, resting left elbow on left arm of throne which is ornamented with a sphinx, transverse spear leaning on left arm, ivy leaf above knee, A on throne, bow outer right; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Eumenes I, 263 - 241 B.C.

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Eumenes| |I,| |263| |-| |241| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
Upon his succession, Eumenes, perhaps with the encouragement of Ptolemy II, who was at war with the Seleucids, revolted, defeating the Seleucid king Antiochus I near the Lydian capital of Sardis in 261 B.C. He was thus able to free Pergamon and greatly increase the territories under his control. Although he never took the title of king, Eumenes did exercise all of the powers of one. Since he had no surviving heir, Eumenes adopted his second cousin, Attalus I, who succeeded him as ruler of Pergamon.
SH43362. Silver tetradrachm, Westermark group III (V.XVIII/R.4), SNG BnF 1606, SNG Cop 334, VF, nicely toned, weight 16.739 g, maximum diameter 30.6 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, obverse laureate head of Philetaerus right in taenia; reverse ΦIΛETAIPOY downward on left, Athena enthroned left, wreath in right hand, left arm resting on shield at side, A left under arm, bow right, grape cluster outer left; high relief sculptural portrait; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Attalos I Soter 241 - 197 B.C., In the Name of Philetairos

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Attalos| |I| |Soter| |241| |-| |197| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Philetairos||tetradrachm|
Attalus, a capable general, champion of the Greeks, and loyal ally of Rome, made Pergamon a powerful kingdom. He earned the name "Soter" (savior) by defeating the Galatians, who had plundered and exacted tribute for more than a generation. In the Macedonian Wars he allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon.
SH86750. Silver tetradrachm, Westermark Group VI.B (V.CXXV/R.3); BMC Mysia p. 117, 41 (same dies); SNG BnF -, VF, excellent portrait, light toning, bumps and marks, weight 16.288 g, maximum diameter 32.1 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, c. 235 - 210 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Philetairos (founder of the Attalid dynasty) right; reverse Athena enthroned left, with wreath in right hand, crowning dynastic name ΦIΛΕTAIPOY downward to left, left elbow resting on grounded shield to right; transverse spear on far side, palm frond outer left, ΔI inner left, bow right; ex Classical Numismatic Group, e-auction 411, lot 112; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Philetairos I, 282 - 263 B.C.

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Philetairos| |I,| |282| |-| |263| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
This coin bears the first portrait of Philetairos, first King of Pergamene, 282 -263 B.C. Hoard evidence and recent studies indicate it was struck at the end of his reign. Philetairos first struck in the name of Lysimachos, then posthumous Alexander types under Seleukos I, then Seleukos portrait types under Antiochos I, and lastly this type with his own portrait. This same reverse was used for the Seleukos I portrait types. Philetairos' coinage is known for its magnificent realistic portraits and this coin is an excellent example. Very rare and absent from most major collections.
SH11193. Silver tetradrachm, Meydancikkale 3000, SNG BnF 1603 var., SNGvA -, SNG Cop -, VF, weight 16.629 g, maximum diameter 28.1 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, c. 265 - 263 B.C.; obverse head of Philetaerus right in taenia; reverse ΦIΛETAIPOY downward on right, Athena enthroned left, right hand on shield before her, spear over shoulder in left, leaf above arm, bow right; high relief portrait; very rare; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Attalos I Soter, c. 215 - 200 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Attalos| |I| |Soter,| |c.| |215| |-| |200| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Attalus, a capable general, champion of the Greeks, and loyal ally of Rome, made Pergamon a powerful kingdom. He earned the name "Soter" (savior) by defeating the Galatians, who had plundered and exacted tribute for more than a generation. In the Macedonian Wars he allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon.
SH62365. Silver tetradrachm, Price 1481, Müller Alexander 1019, cf. SNG BnF 2513 (monogram), VF, weight 17.028 g, maximum diameter 30.5 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, c. 215 - 200 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; Seleukid countermark: anchor in roughly rectangular punch; reverse Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left, eagle in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, monogram under arm, bee on left; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Eumenes I, 263 - 241 B.C.

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Eumenes| |I,| |263| |-| |241| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
Philetaerus, an officer of Lysimachus, deserted in 282 B.C., taking control of Pergamon and a large treasure deposited there. At first nominally a Seleukid suzerainty, Pergamon grew into a strong, prosperous and independent kingdom. Loyal allies of Rome in the Macedonian Wars and against the Seleucids, they were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor. When Attalus III died without an heir in 133 B.C., to prevent a civil war, he bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic.
GS85677. Silver tetradrachm, Westermark group III; SNG BnF 1606; SNG Cop 334; SNGvA 7453; Meydancikkale 3003; BMC Mysia p. 115, 31, VF, toned, high relief portrait, bumps and marks, weight 16.882 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, struck in the name of Philetairos; obverse laureate head of Philetairos I right; reverse ΦIΛETAIPOY downward on right, Athena enthroned left, wearing crested helmet, chiton and peplos, right hand supporting grounded round shield before her, shield ornamented with a gorgoneion, resting left elbow on left arm of throne which is ornamented with a sphinx, transverse spear leaning on left arm, ivy leaf above knee, A on throne, bow outer right; ex Numismatik Naumann auction 47 (9 Oct 2016), lot 130; SOLD


Seleukid Kingdom, Pergamene Suzerainty, Philetairos, 282 - 263 B.C., In the Name of Seleukos I

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Seleukid| |Kingdom,| |Pergamene| |Suzerainty,| |Philetairos,| |282| |-| |263| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Seleukos| |I||tetradrachm|
Philetaerus deserted Lysimachus in 282 B.C., offering himself, the fortress of Pergamon, and Lysimachus' treasury of 9,000 talents of silver to Seleucus. Both Lysimachus and Seleucus were killed in the following year. Though nominally still under Seleucid control, Philetaerus had considerable autonomy and increased his power and influence beyond Pergamon. He was benefactor to neighboring cities and temples and contributed troops, money and food to aid Cyzicus against invading Gauls. Philetaerus was a eunuch due to an accident in infancy. His nephew Eumenes I succeeded him. With the exception of Eumenes II, all future Attalid rulers depicted the bust of Philetaerus on their coins, paying tribute to the founder of their dynasty.
SH54143. Silver tetradrachm, Houghton-Lorber I 308a, Newell WSM 1531, SNG Spaer 242 var. (crescent below throne), aVF/F, overstruck, test cut, weight 16.686 g, maximum diameter 29.7 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, c. 279 - 274 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean lion scalp headdress; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣEΛEYKOY, Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left, eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand helmeted head of Athena left, star under throne; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Attalos I Soter 241 - 197 B.C., In the Name of Philetairos

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Attalos| |I| |Soter| |241| |-| |197| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Philetairos||tetradrachm|
Attalus, a capable general, champion of the Greeks, and loyal ally of Rome, made Pergamon a powerful kingdom. He earned the name "Soter" (savior) by defeating the Galatians, who had plundered and exacted tribute for more than a generation. In the Macedonian Wars he allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon.
SH70868. Silver tetradrachm, Westermark Group VIB; SNG BnF 1626; SNG Delepierre 2536; BMC Mysia p. 117, 45; McClean 7685, VF/F, excellent portrait, uneven toning, weight 16.753 g, maximum diameter 30.5 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, 235 - 210 B.C.; obverse Philetairos (founder of the Attalid dynasty) diademed head right; reverse Athena enthroned left, wearing crested Corinthian helmet, crowning dynastic name with wreath in right hand, ΦIΛETAIPOY downward on left, spear leaning transverse on her far side, resting left arm on round shield leaning against throne, ivy leaf outer left, XAP monogram inner left, bow on right; very rare with this monogram; SOLD


Pergamene Kingdom, Eumenes I, 263 - 241 B.C., Ancient Counterfeit

|Pergamene| |Kingdom|, |Pergamene| |Kingdom,| |Eumenes| |I,| |263| |-| |241| |B.C.,| |Ancient| |Counterfeit||tetradrachm|
Philetaerus, an officer under Lysimachus, deserted in 282 B.C., taking control of Pergamon and a large treasury deposited there. At first nominally a Seleukid suzerainty, Pergamon grew into a strong, prosperous and independent kingdom. Loyal allies of Rome in the Macedonian Wars and against the Seleucids, they were rewarded with all the former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor. When Attalus III died without an heir in 133 B.C., to prevent a civil war, he bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic.
GS91376. Fouree silver plated tetradrachm, cf. Westermark group IV; SNG BnF 1626; SNG Cop 335; Meydancikkale 3008 ff. (silver, official, Pergamum mint), VF, portrait in high relief, bumps and marks, light porosity, pierced and plugged, weight 13.383 g, maximum diameter 30.8 mm, die axis 45o, unofficial counterfeiter's mint, c. 263- 241 B.C.; obverse Philetairos (founder of the Attalid dynasty) diademed head right; reverse Athena enthroned left, wearing crested Corinthian helmet, crowning dynastic name with wreath in right hand, ΦIΛETAIPOY downward on left, spear leaning transverse on her far side, resting left arm on round shield leaning against throne, ivy leaf outer left, A monogram left, bow on right; a base core is not visible but the light weight strongly indicates this coin is plated; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES|

Davesne, A. & G. Le Rider. Le trésor de Meydancikkale. (Paris, 1989).
Forrer, L. Descriptive Catalogue of the Collection of Greek Coins formed by Sir Hermann Weber, Vol. III, Part 1. (London, 1926).
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Lindgren, H. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
MacDonald, G. Catalogue of Greek Coins in the Hunterian Collection, University of Glasgow, Vol II: Greece, & Asia Minor. (Glasgow, 1901).
Mildenberg, L. & S. Hurter, eds. The Dewing Collection of Greek Coins. ACNAC 6. (New York, 1985).
Mionnet, T.E. Description de Médailles antiques grecques et romaines. (Paris, 1807-1837).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. 2: Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
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Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen, Part 4: Mysien - Ionien. (Berlin, 1989).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans Von Aulock, Vol. 1: Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Mysia, Troas, Aiolis, Lesbos, Ionia. (Berlin, 1957).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, France, Bibliothèque Nationale, Cabinet des Médailles, Vol. 5: Mysia. (Paris, 2001).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, France, Bibliothèque National, Collection Jean et Marie Delepierre. (Paris, 1983).
Westermark, U. Das Bildnis des Philetairos von Pergamon, Corpus der Munzpragung. (Stockholm, 1960).
Wroth, W. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Mysia. (London, 1892).

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