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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Secessionist Empires| ▸ |Carausius||View Options:  |  |  |   

Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.

Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius was originally a fleet commander sent by the first Tetrarchs to rid the Northern seas of Saxon and Frankish pirates. He soon turned to piracy himself, before fleeing to Britain and declaring himself emperor. His natural cunning enabled him to resist all attempts to dislodge him. In 293 Constantius I captured his continental stronghold of Boulogne. Soon after Carausius was murdered by his chief minister Allectus.

|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
The quantity of PAX coinage issued by Carausius probably exceeded the entire output of his other types combined. The type was an appeal by the usurper Carausius for peace with the "official" emperors. Diocletian and Maximian did not recognize Carausius as emperor, nor did they reciprocate his desire for peace.
RA04160. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 880, Choice aEF, weight 4.69 g, maximum diameter 19.9 mm, die axis 0o, Londinium (London, England) mint, c. mid 286 - early/mid 287; obverse IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, early reign moustache portrait type; reverse PAX AVG (the peace of the Emperor), Pax standing left holding olive branch in right and vertical scepter in left, no mark; from the Aiello Collection; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
The obverse and reverse legends and types are known from the London mint with III in the exergue (RIC V 88 (R2), Web Carausius 114). This variety, perhaps unofficial, is unpublished in the many references examined by Forum. We also could not find an example online. This is the only example known to Forum.
RA73474. Billon antoninianus, Apparently unpublished; RIC V-2 -; Webb Carausius -; Casey -; SRCV IV -; Hunter IV -; Linchmere Hoard -; Bicester Hoard -; et al. -, VF, nice green patina, attractive style, parts of legends weak, reverse slightly off center, some marks, small encrustations, weight 2.547 g, maximum diameter 22.5 mm, die axis 0o, Camulodunum (Colchester, England) or unofficial mint, c. mid 286 - early 287; obverse IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, early reign moustache portrait type; reverse [MARS] VICTO[R?], Mars walking right, transverse spear in right hand, trophy of captured arms across left shoulder in left hand, [M?]CXX in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; possibly unique!; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Pax, regarded by the ancients as a goddess, was worshiped not only at Rome but also at Athens. Her altar could not be stained with blood. Claudius began the construction of a magnificent temple to her honor, which Vespasian finished, in the Via Sacra. This type was an appeal by the usurper Carausius for peace with the "official" emperors. Diocletian and Maximian did not recognize Carausius as emperor, nor did they reciprocate his desire for peace.
RA67094. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 334 (S); Webb Carausius 392, Cohen VII 241, SRCV IV 13666, Hunter IV - (p. ccvii), VF, some corrosion behind the head of the emperor, weight 3.968 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 180o, Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, c. 292 - early 293 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate and draped [and cuirassed?] bust right, late reign tetrarchic portrait type; reverse PAX AVGGG (the peace of the three emperors), Pax standing half left, head left, raising olive-branch in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, S - P across fields at center, C in exergue; rare; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Pax, regarded by the ancients as a goddess, was worshiped not only at Rome but also at Athens. Her altar could not be stained with blood. Claudius began the construction of a magnificent temple to her honor, which Vespasian finished, in the Via Sacra. The attributes of Peace are the hasta pura, the olive branch, the cornucopia, and often the caduceus. Sometimes she is represented setting fire to a pile of arms.
RA73231. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 319 (C); Webb Carausius 375; SRCV IV 13644; Cohen VII 215; Hunter IV - (p. ccvii), gVF, much silvering, light marks, tiny encrustation, a little weak in centers, edge split/crack, weight 4.819 g, maximum diameter 24.3 mm, die axis 180o, Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, c. 292 - early 293 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, late reign tetrarchic portrait type; reverse PAX AVG (the peace of the Emperor), Pax standing half left, head left, raising olive-branch in right hand, long scepter transverse in left hand, S - P across fields at center, C in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection, ex-Wayne C. Phillips; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Legio VIII Augusta was created by Pompey. It fought the Gallic Wars for Caesar and crossed the Rubicon with him; however, at Thapsus it fought against him. The legion fought in Egypt and later participated in the invasion of Britain. In 69 A.D. it declared for Vitellius. Soon after, it moved to the Rhine frontier where they served for more than 400 years. An inscription from 371 A.D. recorded the legion was then stationed at Argentoratum (Strasbourg). There may have been a detachment serving in Britain at the time of Carausius' revolt. Septimius Severus used the legion in his Parthian war.
RA73239. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 77 (R2); Hunter IV 11; Webb Carausius 97 - 99; Cohen VII 145, F, green patina, slightly off center on a broad oval flan, earthen deposits, light marks, areas of light corrosion, weight 4.236 g, maximum diameter 24.7 mm, die axis 45o, Londinium (London, England) mint, 291 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate and draped bust right; reverse LEG VIII AVG, bull standing right, ML in exergue (or blank); from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; rare; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
The obverse and reverse legends and types are known from the Camulodunum mint with C in the exergue and S - P across the reverse field (RIC V 224, Web Carausius 281, SRCV IV 13580). This variety, perhaps unofficial, is unpublished in the many references examined by Forum. We also could not find an example online. This is the only example known to Forum.

This coin is dedicated to the goddess Fides for her good quality of preserving the public peace by keeping the army true to its allegiance.
RA73243. Billon antoninianus, Apparently unpublished; RIC V-2 -; Webb Carausius -; Casey -; SRCV IV -; Hunter IV -; Linchmere Hoard -; Bicester Hoard -; et al., VF, broad oval flan, double strike, die wear, edge cracks, weight 4.921 g, maximum diameter 30.6 mm, die axis 180o, Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, 292 - early 293 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse FIDES MILIT (the loyalty of the soldiers), Fides standing half left, head left, holding two flanking legionary standards, one in each hand, S - C (senatus consulto) divided across field, C in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; possibly unique!; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Possibly unpublished with mint mark in legend on reverse instead of exergue. The use of ML and no field marks is assigned in RIC to 288-289. LM as a mint mark is unlisted entirely. RIC 27 does show an exergual mark of LM with L retrograde and field mark of V. It is also entirely possible this is an ancient imitative type in exceptional style.
RA34673. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 - (cf. 155 for reverse type), VF, weight 3.600 g, maximum diameter 22.5 mm, die axis 270o, unmarked unofficial(?) mint, c. 287 A.D.; obverse IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse LM SALVS AVG (the health of the Emperor), Salus standing facing, head left, feeding snake coiled round altar at left from patera in right hand, vertical scepter in left; ex Beast Coins; rare; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
S - P flanking across the fields with MC in the exergue (S-P/MC) is not a standard mintmark, most references cited do not list any examples with this mark. RIC V-2 does list one type each for Pax, Pietas, and Salus. MC in the exergue was used at Camulodunum for earlier issues but without S - P. Perhaps the rare specimens with this mintmark were issued in a small quantity for some special purpose. Perhaps the engravers just unintentionally added the M out of habit. Perhaps they are all unofficial. Further study is needed.
RA73505. Billon antoninianus, apparently unpublished, RIC V-2 -, Webb Carausius -, SRCV IV -, Hunter IV -, Burton Latimer -, Bicester -, Linchmere -, VF/F, dark patina, nice portrait, minor patina chipping on edge, top half of reverse mostly weak or off flan, weight 4.334 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 225o, unofficial or Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, 292 - 293 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse PROVID AVGGG (the foresight of the three emperors), Providentia standing left, raising globe in right hand, transverse scepter in left hand, S - P flanking across fields, MC in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; none of the approximately eighty published Providentia varieties struck under Carausius have this S - P / MC mintmark, no others known to Forum; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Apparently unpublished and possibly unique. For Carausius, this reverse type is known only on denarii. This is the only example of the type known to Forum.
RA73249. Billon antoninianus, apparently unpublished, RIC V-2 -, Webb Carausius -, Bourne Carausius -, Hunter IV -, Linchmere -, Burton Latimer -, Bicester -, et al. -, VF/aF, dark patina, bumps, scratches, corrosion, reverse off center, edge chip, weight 2.159 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 180o, Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, c. 288 - 291; obverse IMP CARAVSIVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse FIDES EXERC (the loyalty of the army), Fides seated left, feet on footstool, eagle in extended right hand, grounded standard behind in left hand, grounded standard before her on left, C(?) in exergue; extremely rare, possibly unique, from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; SOLD


|Carausius|, |Romano-British| |Empire,| |Carausius,| |Mid| |286| |-| |Spring| |or| |Early| |Summer| |293| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Apparently unpublished, we know of only one other example of this extremely rare type with this obverse legend, Emporium Hamburg, auction 67 (10 May 2012), lot 707. King Unmarked pl. 1, 12 shares the same reverse die but has the obverse legend IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG. King notes of the style of that coin, "although clumsy, is acceptable and stylistically compatible...No. 12 is almost certainly genuine." By genuine, he means from an official mint, not an unofficial imitative.
RA73250. Billon antoninianus, King Unmarked pl. 1, 12 var. (different obv. leg., same rev. die), RIC V-2 1003 (R2) var. (obv. leg.), Hunter IV 199 (same), SRCV 13719 var. (same), VF, green patina, ragged flan, flan cracks, some corrosion, earthen deposits, weight 3.626 g, maximum diameter 24.2 mm, die axis 225o, Londinium (London, England) mint, c. mid 286 - early/mid 287; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right, early reign moustache portrait type; reverse SECVRIT ORBIS (the world is safe), Securitas seated left, short scepter in right hand, left hand raised to the back of her head; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; extremely rare; SOLD




  




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OBVERSE LEGENDS

CARAVSIVSETFRATRESSVI
CARAVSIVSPFAVG
IMPAVRCARAVSIVSAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSFAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSIIG
IMPCCARAVSIVSINAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSIVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPAV
IMPCCARAVSIVSPAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPIVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPFAG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPFAV
IMPCCARAVSIVSPFAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPFAVVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPFIAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPFINAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPFINVAVG
IMPCCARAVSIVSPIVSFELAVG
IMPCMACARAVSIVSPFAVG
IMPCMAVMCARAVSIVSPFAVG
IMPCMAVRMCARAVSIVSPAVG
IMPCMCARAVSIVSAVG
IMPCMCARAVSIVSPAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSA
IMPCARAVSIVSAV
IMPCARAVSIVSAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSII
IMPCARAVSIVSIIG
IMPCARAVSIVSINIC
IMPCARAVSIVSINIVI
IMPCARAVSIVSFAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSPAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSPIAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSPEAG
IMPCARAVSIVSPEAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSPEAVIG
IMPCARAVSIVSPF
IMPCARAVSIVSPFA
IMPCARAVSIVSPFAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSPFAVIG
IMPCARAVSIVSPFIAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSPFIIG
IMPCARAVSIVSPFINAVG
IMPCARAVSIVSPIVV
IMPMCARAVSIVSAVG
INVICTOETCARAVSIOAVG
VIRTCARAVSIAVG
VIRTVSCARAVSI
VIRTVSCARAVSIA
VIRTVSCARAVSIAVG
VIRTVSCARAVSII
VIRTVSCARAVSSI


REFERENCES

Askew, G. The Coinage of Roman Britain. (London, 1980).
Beaujard, E. & H. Huvelin. "Le tresor de Rouen et l'occupation de la Gaule par Carausius" in Histoire et Numismatique en Haut-Normandie. (Caen, 1980).
Bland, R. "A Hoard of Carausius and Allectus from Burton Latimer" in BNJ 54 (1984), pp. 41 - 50.
Burnett, A. & J. Casey. A Carausian Hoard from Croydon, Surrey, and a Note on Carausius's Continental Possessions" in BNJ 54 (1984), pp. 10 - 20.
Calicó, X. The Roman Avrei, Vol. 2: From Didius Julianus to Constantius I, 193 AD - 335 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Carson, R. "The Sequence-marks on the Coinage of Carausius and Allectus" in Essays Baldwin (1971), pp. 57 - 65.
Casey, P. Carausius and Allectus: The British Usurpers. (New Haven, 1995).
Challis, C. & M. Blackburn. Studies in the Coinages of Carausius and Allectus. (London, 1985).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 7: Carausius to Constantine & sons. (Paris, 1888).
Depeyrot, G. Les monnaies d'or de Dioclétien a Constantin I (284-337). (Wetteren, 1995).
Giard, J-B. "La monnaie de Carausius à Rouen: une remise en question" in RN 1995, Vol. 6, Issue 150, pp. 264 - 266.
King, C. "A Small Hoard of Carausius Found Near Bicester Oxfordshire" in BNJ 53, (1982), pp. 7 - 16.
King, C. "The Unmarked Coins of Carausius" in BNJ 54 (1984), pp. 1 - 9.
King, C. & D. Sear. Roman Silver Coins, Volume V, Carausius to Romulus Augustus. (London, 1987).
Mattingly, H., E. Sydenham & P. Webb. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol V, Part II, Probus to Amandus. (London, 1933).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. IV. Valerian I to Allectus. (Oxford, 1978).
Schaaff, U. Münzen der römischen Kaiserzeit mit Schiffsdarstellungen im Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum. (Munich, 2003).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume IV: The Tetrarchies and the Rise of the House of Constantine...Diocletian To Constantine I, AD 284 - 337. (London, 2011).
Shiel, N. The Episode of Carausius and Allectus. BAR 40. (Oxford, 1977).
Southerland, C. "'Carausius II', 'Censeris', and the Barbarous Fel. Temp. Reparatio Overstrikes" in NC 1945.
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).
Webb, P. The reign and coinage of Carausius. (London, 1908).
Webb, P. "The Linchmere Hoard" in NC 1925, pp. 173 - 235.

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