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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Recovery of the Empire||View Options:   | | | |
In 279, Probus defeated the Burgundians and Vandals in Raetia and Pannonia (modern Switzerland and Hungary).RA110128. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 532, Cohen VI 120, Hunter IV -, SRCV III -, EF, well centered, some silvering, encrustations, weight 2.986 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 315o, 1st officina, Ticinum (Pavia, Italy) mint, 279 A.D.; obverse IMP C PROBVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse CONCORD MILIT (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing slightly left, head left, flanked by standard in each hand, AXXI in exergue;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
In 276, Florianus was assassinated near Tarsus by his own troops after only weeks of ruling. Probus, age 44, was proclaimed the new Emperor of Rome. This type was among his first issues. Alföldi believed the bust on this type resembled Florian.RL98386. Billon antoninianus, Alföldi Siscia V type 26, 20; RIC V-2 651C; Cohen VI 137; Hunter IV 280 var. (1st officina); SRCV III -, Choice VF, some silvering, well centered, attractive portrait, light deposits, weight 3.748 g, maximum diameter 21.9 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, 2nd half 276 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front; reverse CONCORD MILIT (harmony with the soldiers), Probus (on left) and Concordia standing confronted, clasping hands, Δ in center, XXI in exergue;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
After Probus left 400,000 barbarians dead in the fields of Germany and Gaul, all the tribes of the north were terrified to peace. He then marched east, defeating the Blemmyes with tremendous slaughter. Knowing he was next, the Persian king sued for peace and attempted to buy Probus' favor with splendid presents. Probus was dining upon the most common food when the ambassadors were introduced. Without even casting his eyes upon them, he said that if their master did not give proper satisfaction to Rome, he would lay Persia as desolate and as naked as the crown of his head. As he spoke the Emperor took off his cap and showed the baldness of his head to the ambassadors. His conditions were gladly accepted. Thus Probus earned the title Restitutor Orbis or "Restorer of the World."RA23927. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 333 (also 1st officina); RIC V-2 925F; Cohen VI 509; Pink VI p. 40, 2nd emission; SRCV III 12021, Choice aEF, centered, nice portrait, some silvering, weight 3.438 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 225o, 1st officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVT ORBIS (to the restorer of the world), woman (on left) and Emperor stand confronted, woman presenting wreath, Emperor holds globe in right and long scepter in left hand, A between them, XXI in exergue;
Palmyrene-Roman Empire, Aurelian and Vabalathus, c. Nov 270 - Mar 272 A.D.
According to Zosimus, after his defeat, Vabalathus died on the way to Rome. Other sources imply Aurelian allowed Vabalathus and his mother Zenobia to live, but only after they had been marched through the streets of Rome in a triumphal procession. This would have been humiliating, but better than death. This theory is supported by Aurelian's similar treatment of the Tetrici, Tetricus I and Tetricus II of the Gallic Empire, long-time enemies of Rome whom the emperor allowed to retire following their defeat at the Battle of Châlons in 274.RA110017. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3107, RIC V-2 381, BnF XII 1248, Hunter IV 7, Göbl MIR 353a5, Cohen VI 1, SRCV III 11718, gF, some silvering, earthen encrustation, nearly centered, weight 3.173 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, Nov 270 - Mar 272 A.D.; obverse IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, E below; reverse VABALATHVS V C R IM D R, laureate, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right;
Aurelian, August 270 - October or November 275 A.D.
Aurelian issued some rare antoninianii before his coinage reform which introduced larger, better silvered, and generally rounder coins, sometimes identified as a new denomination, the aurelianus. This coin is dedicated to the goddess Fides for her good quality of preserving the public peace by keeping the army true to its allegiance.RA110046. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC T1584, RIC V-2 28, Göbl MIR 90a, SRCV III 11533, Blackmoor 3644, Venčra 14-20, Komin 574, Normanby 1242, BnF XII -, Hunter IV - (p. cvii), VF, small flan cracks/splits, obverse off center, weight 2.657 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Rome mint, 1st issue, Oct - Dec 270 A.D.; obverse IMP C L DOM AVRELIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing left, vexillum in right hand, long scepter in left hand, E right;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
The Roman's believed Jupiter granted protection and success to his favorites, who tended to be people in positions of authority similar to his own.RL94820. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 350 (same rev. legend break), RIC V-2 928C, Cohen VI 87, SRCV III -, VF, well centered, dark patina, earthen encrustation, reverse die wear, weight 3.674 g, maximum diameter 23.04 mm, die axis 0o, Tripolis (Tripoli, Lebanon) mint, 276 - 282 BC; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Emperor, on left, standing right, holding eagle tipped scepter, receiving globe from Jupiter, Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, long scepter vertical in left hand, crescent with horns up lower center, KA in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarcer mint;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
After Probus left 400,000 barbarians dead in the fields of Germany and Gaul, all the tribes of the north were terrified to peace. He then marched east, defeating the Blemmyes with tremendous slaughter. Knowing he was next, the Persian king sued for peace and attempted to buy Probus' favor with splendid presents. Probus was dining upon the most common food when the ambassadors were introduced. Without even casting his eyes upon them, he said that if their master did not give proper satisfaction to Rome, he would lay Persia as desolate and as naked as the crown of his head. As he spoke the Emperor took off his cap and showed the baldness of his head to the ambassadors. His conditions were gladly accepted. Thus Probus earned the title Restitutor Orbis or "Restorer of the World."RL94812. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 334 (also 3rd officina); RIC V-2 925C; Cohen VI 509; Pink VI, 2nd emission, p. 40; SRCV III 12021, VF, dark patina, heavy earthen deposits, weight 3.220 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVT ORBIS (to the restorer of the world), woman on left, standing right, presenting wreath to Probus; Probus on right, standing left, globe in right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand, Γ in center, XXI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
In 280, Julius Saturninus, the governor of Syria, was made emperor by his troops. Probus besiege him at Apamea, where he was captured and executed.RL94811. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 347C (also 5th officina); RIC V-2 921; SRCV III 11960; Cohen VI 87; Pink VI-1, p. 40, 2, aVF, well centered, heavy earthen deposits, porosity, weight 3.771 g, maximum diameter 22.0 mm, die axis 0o, 5th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 280 - 281 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Probus on left, standing right, in military garb, transverse eagle-tipped scepter in left hand, receiving globe from Jupiter with right hand, Jupiter on right, standing left, nude but for cloak, long scepter vertical in left hand, offering globe with right hand, E• in center, XXI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
This issue is listed as undated in RIC, but Pink dates this type to 280 A.D., in "Der Aufbau der Römischen münzprägung in der Kaiserzeit: VI/1. Probus" in NZ 73 (1949).RL94818. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 353, RIC V-2 927C, Cohen VI 91, SRCV III -, gF, dark patina, nice portrait, earthen deposits, weight 4.268 g, maximum diameter 22.8 mm, die axis 0o, Tripolis (Tripoli, Lebanon) mint, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Emperor, on left, standing right, holding eagle tipped scepter, receiving globe from Jupiter, Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, long scepter vertical in left hand, * in center, XXI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarce mint;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
A sum of Greek numerals E (5) and ∆ (4) is used to indicate the 9th officina in order to avoid using Θ (9). Because they sound alike, theta (Θ) was associated with Thanatos, the daemon personification of death. Theta was used as a warning symbol of death, in the same way that skull and crossbones are used in modern times. It survives on potsherds used by Athenians voting for the death penalty. Also, after a funeral "Nine Days of Sorrow," were solemnly observed by the family.RL94824. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 339 (also 9th officina); RIC V-2 925C; Cohen VI 509; Pink VI, 2nd emission, p. 40; SRCV III 12021, VF, well centered, earthen deposits, porosity, reverse die wear, weight 3.860 g, maximum diameter 21.0 mm, die axis 0o, 9th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVT ORBIS (to the restorer of the world), woman on left, standing right, presenting wreath to Probus; Probus on right, standing left, globe in right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand, EΔ in center, XXI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection;
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