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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Twelve Caesars| ▸ |Vespasian||View Options:   | | | After a successful campaign in Judaea (which he left to his son Titus to finish), Flavius Vespasianus was declared emperor by his troops at Alexandria in 69 A.D. Upon the defeat of Vitellius by the Danubian legions, Vespasian went to Rome and consolidated his power. He built the Colosseum and other important public works. Vespasian was popular, being both down to earth and possessed of great wit. He was responsible for the economic and military recovery of Rome and is justly regarded as one of the greatest Roman emperors. |
Paul was accused by Jewish leaders of blaspheming God, desecrating the temple, encouraging people to disobey Mosaic Law, sedition, insurrection, and creating riots against the government. Paul appealed, using his right as a Roman citizen for a decision from the Emperor in Rome. He was imprisoned in Caesarea Maritima awaiting transport to Rome. Agrippa and Bernice met with the Roman governor Festus a few days later. They held a hearing to discuss the charges. Paul described his conversion on the road to Damascus, then said, "I preached that they should repent and turn to God and prove their repentance by their deeds. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen—that the Christ would suffer and, as the first to rise from the dead, would proclaim light to his own people and to the Gentiles." Festus thought Paul was out of his mind. He couldn’t understand why the Jewish leaders would bother with him. Agrippa said, "Are you trying to convert me?" Paul replied, "Short time or long - I pray God that not only you, but all who are listening to me today may become what I am, except for these chains." Agrippa and Festus later agreed Paul had not done anything that deserves death or imprisonment. Agrippa said to Festus, "This man could have been set free if he had not appealed to Caesar."RP112387. Bronze full unit, RPC II 2243; Hendin 6331 (R); Meshore TJC 135; Sofaer 184; BMC Palestine p. 240, 6; Meshorer AJC II pl. 11, 7, F/aVF, obv. die wear, corrosion, porosity/pitting, edge split, weight 15.286 g, maximum diameter 29.6 mm, die axis 0o, Caesarea Paneas (Banias, Golan Heights) mint, 73 - 74 A.D.; obverse AYTOKPA OYECΠACI KAICAPI CEBACTΩ, laureate head of Vespasian right; reverse Tyche standing slightly left, head left, kalathos on head, heads of barley in extended right hand, cornucopia in left hand, ET ΔI - BA / AΓPI-ΠΠA (year 14, King Agrippa); ex Naville Numismatics auction 75 (31 Jul 2022), lot 226; first specimen of this type handled by FORVM; rare;
In 75 A.D., the Temple of Peace was built in Rome to celebrate the conquest of Jerusalem in 70 and house the Menorah and other sacred objects from Herod's Temple. A representation of the menorah is depicted in a frieze on the Arch of Titus. According to the Torah, the menorah was hammered from pure gold following the design God revealed to Moses. The menorah was looted by the Vandals in the sacking of Rome in 455, and taken to their capital, Carthage. According to Procopius, the Byzantine General Belisarius recovered it when he defeated the Vandals in 533 and it was carried through the streets of Constantinople during his triumph. Procopius adds that it was later sent back to Jerusalem, after which there is no further record of it. The menorah might have been destroyed when the Persians pillaged Jerusalem in 614.RS113404. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 772; RSC II 366; BMCRE II 161; BnF III 139; Hunter I 51; SRCV I 2301, aVF/F, nice portrait, well centered, toned, scratches/scrapes, weight 3.117 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 75 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG (counterclockwise), laureate head right; reverse PON MAX TR P COS VI (high priest, holder of Tribunitian power, consul for the 6th time), Pax seated left on a high back throne, feet on footstool, extending olive branch in right hand, left hand at side;
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
Vespasian, along with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica, landed at Ptolemais in April 67. There he was joined by his son Titus, who arrived from Alexandria at the head of Legio XV Apollinaris, as well as by the armies of various local allies including that of King Agrippa II. Fielding more than 60,000 soldiers, Vespasian began operations by subjugating Galilee. Many towns gave up without a fight, although others had to be taken by force. Of these, Josephus provides detailed accounts of the sieges of Yodfat and Gamla. By the year 68, Jewish resistance in the north had been crushed, and Vespasian made Caesarea Maritima his headquarters and methodically proceeded to clear the coast. -- WikipediaJD111284. Bronze prutah, Kadman III 12; Meshorer TJC 196a; Hendin 6389; SNG ANS 427; Sofaer pl. 222, 11, gF, highlighting earthen deposits, obv. edge beveled, sprue cuts, weight 2.603 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, year 2, 67 - 68 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year two, amphora with fluted body, narrow neck, broad rim, and two small curved handles; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: The freedom of Zion, vine leaf on small branch with tendril;
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
Vespasian, along with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica, landed at Ptolemais in April 67. There he was joined by his son Titus, who arrived from Alexandria at the head of Legio XV Apollinaris, as well as by the armies of various local allies including that of King Agrippa II. Fielding more than 60,000 soldiers, Vespasian began operations by subjugating Galilee. Many towns gave up without a fight, although others had to be taken by force. Of these, Josephus provides detailed accounts of the sieges of Yodfat and Gamla. By the year 68, Jewish resistance in the north had been crushed, and Vespasian made Caesarea Maritima his headquarters and methodically proceeded to clear the coast. -- WikipediaJD111280. Bronze prutah, Kadman III 12; Meshorer TJC 196a; Hendin 6389; SNG ANS 427; Sofaer pl. 222, 11, aVF, green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, rev. off center, obv. edge beveled, trace of casting sprues, weight 2.737 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, year 2, 67 - 68 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year two, amphora with fluted body, narrow neck, broad rim, and two small curved handles; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: The freedom of Zion, vine leaf on small branch with tendril;
This coin may have been struck to appeal to Pax to deliver peace at the time the First Jewish Revolt was coming to its end. On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.SL89734. Gold aureus, Hunter I 83 (same dies), RIC II-1 770, Calicó I 662, BnF I 251, BMCRE II 280, Cohen I 319, SRCV I -, NGC XF, strike 5/5, surface 2/5, edge marks (4632896-002), weight 7.31 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 75 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG (counterclockwise from lower right), laureate head right; reverse PAX AVGVST, Pax enthroned left, extending olive branch downward in right hand, transverse long scepter in left hand; NGC| Lookup; SOLD
In 71 A.D., the year this coin was struck, Vespasian and his sons celebrated the vanquishing of the Jews with a triumph in Rome. The Jewish historian Josephus was present at the festivities and noted, "It is impossible to do justice in the description of the number of things to be seen and to the magnificence of everything that met the eye..The greatest amazement was caused by the floats. Their size gave grounds for alarm about their stability, for many were three or four stories high...On one float the army could be seen pouring inside the walls, on another was a place running with blood. Others showed defenseless men raising their hands in entreaty, firebrands being hurled at temples or buildings falling on their owners. On yet others depicted rivers, which, after the destruction and desolation, flowed no longer through tilled fields providing water for men and cattle, but through a land on fire from end to end. It was to such miseries that the Jews doomed themselves by the war...Standing on his individual float was the commander of each of the captured cities showing the way he had been taken prisoner..Spoil in abundance was carried past. None of it compared with that taken from the Temple in Jerusalem...The procession was completed by Vespasian, and, behind him, Titus. Domitian rode on horseback wearing a beautiful uniform and on a mount that was wonderfully well worth seeing..."SH33104. Gold aureus, RIC II-1 1131; Giard Lyon 21; BMCRE II 401; BnF III 304; Hunter -; Calicó 674; Cohen 524 var, aVF, some edge filing, weight 7.199 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 225o, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 71 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M TR P P P CO[S III], laureate head right; reverse S P Q R / P · P / OB C S in three lines within wreath; very rare; SOLD
Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D., Parium, Mysia
Augustus' sun sign was Libra. We don't know why he selected the Capricorn as his emblem. Perhaps Capricorn was either his rising sign or his Moon sign. Popular astrology, of the newspaper kind, is sun sign astrology. The ancients tended to attach more importance to the Moon sign and rising signs. Perhaps Augustus selected the Capricorn because it is associated with stern moral authority.RP75118. Brass AE 22, RPC II 887, SNG BnF 1460, gVF, slightly uneven strike, weight 6.211 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 0o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, 1 Jul 69 - 24 Jun 79 A.D.; obverse VESPASIANVS CAESAR, laureate head right; reverse capricorn right, head turned back left, cornucopia on its back, AVGVSTVS below; very rare; SOLD
Judaean Kingdom, Herod Agrippa II, c. 49 - 95 A.D., for Vespasian
Herod Agrippa II was a teenager studying in Rome when his father died. He was too young to rule, so his father's kingdom was made a Roman province. In 49 A.D., he was given the kingdom of his uncle Herod of Chalcis as a tetrarchy, with the right to oversee the Temple in Jerusalem and appoint its high priest. In 53, Claudius made him king of areas previously ruled by Philip: Batanea, Trachonitis and Gaulonitis, and Lysanias in Abila. In 55, Nero added Galilee and Peraea. Paul the Apostle pleaded his case before Agrippa at Caesarea Maritima (Acts 26). Agrippa sided with Rome during the Jewish revolt. He ruled until at least 95 A.D. His territories were in Syria, Northern Palestine, and Galilee and excluded Jerusalem and Judaea.SH90326. Bronze AE 30, RPC Online II 2283; Meshorer Caesarea Paneas 166; Meshorer AJC II 38; Sofaer 240; SNG ANS 284; BMC Palestine p. 241, 13, F, weight 15.554 g, maximum diameter 29.5 mm, die axis 0o, Caesarea Paneas (Banias, Golan Heights) mint, 75 - 76 A.D.; obverse laureate head of Vespasian right; reverse Tyche-Demeter standing left, kalathos on head, two grain ears in extended right hand, cornucopia in left hand, star upper left, ETOY - KZ BA / AΓPI-ΠΠA (year 27, King Agrippa) flanking in two divided lines across field below center; ex CNG auction 233 (26 May 2010), lot 292 & auction 75 (23 May 2007), lot 863; SOLD
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