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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Non-Olympian| ▸ |Genius||View Options:  |  |  |   

Genius - The Guardian Spirt

In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, for example, dedicates the coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other. In Roman Bronze Coins From Paganism to Christianity 294-364 A.D., Victor Failmezger writes, "This reverse is modeled after the famous statue of the Spirit of the Roman People in the Roman Forum. It is unclear when this statue was last seen as it is now lost. Although the coins celebrate a wide range of spirits (e.g., Rome, Augustus, the Army, etc.), the basic design comes from the same statue...The act of pouring the libation to the emperor illustrates what the Christians were required to do in order not to be persecuted."

Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.

|Hadrian|, |Hadrian,| |11| |August| |117| |-| |10| |July| |138| |A.D.||aureus|
SH51590. Gold aureus, RIC II 91, Cohen II 1092, Choice VF, weight 7.161 g, maximum diameter 19.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 119 - 122 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse P M TR P COS III (Pontifex Maximus, Tribunitia Potestas, Consul Tertium - High priest, holder of tribunitian power, consul for the 3rd time), Genius standing half-left, patera in right, ears of grain in left; attractive bust, ex Edgar L. Owen; SOLD


Pupienus, 22 April - 29 July 238 A.D.

|Pupienus|, |Pupienus,| |22| |April| |-| |29| |July| |238| |A.D.||denarius|
A.D. 238 was the year of six emperors. Maximinus Thrax was killed (along with his son Maximus Caesar) when his soldiers mutinied. Gordian II was killed in battle. Gordian I hanged himself. Pupienus was lynched by his bodyguard. Balbinus was beaten and dragged naked through the streets of Rome before being killed by the Praetorians. Gordian III lived to become sole emperor.
RS87641. Silver denarius, RIC IV-1 5 (S), RSC III 29, BMCRE VI 50*, SRCV III 8528, Hunter III -, Choice EF, superb portrait, bold strike with excellent centering, sharp reverse, weight 2.105 g, maximum diameter 20.2 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 22 Apr - 29 Jul 238 A.D.; obverse IMP C M CLOD PVPIENVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse P M TR P COS II P P (Pontifex Maximus, Tribunitia Potestas, Consul Secundum - High priest, holder of tribunitian power, consul for the 2nd time, Pater Patre), Pupienus (or Genius of the Senate?) standing slightly left, head left, togate, raising branch in right hand, short scepter downward at side in left hand; very scarce; SOLD


Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.

|Constantine| |the| |Great|, |Constantine| |the| |Great,| |Early| |307| |-| |22| |May| |337| |A.D.||follis|
Upon Constantius' death, Severus II was elevated to the rank of Augustus, while the young Constantine was appointed Caesar. RIC VI notes the ANT: issue was probably continued after 25 July 306 into the spring 307, but no coins of Severus as Augustus were known to the authors. Constantine Caesar is not mentioned at all in conjunction with this last full size follis issue. He is noted for the first time in 308 A.D. for the lighter reformed GENIO CAESARIS* folles.
SH28162. Billon follis, RIC VI Antiochia -, VF, weight 8.872 g, maximum diameter 26.7 mm, die axis 180o, 9th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, as caesar, autumn 306 - spring 307 A.D.; obverse FL VAL CONSTANTINVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing left, kalathos on head, holding patera from which liquid flows and cornucopia, Δ-E at sides (officina 9), ANT: in exergue; extremely rare; SOLD


Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.

|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||follis| |(large)|
Hubert Cloke, co-author of The London Mint of Constantius & Constantine informed us, "The plate coin in my collection (ex Freeman and Sear) is die linked to your coin. In writing our book Lee Toone and I noted another example in the Domqueur hoard. I know of another example in an as yet unpublished French hoard." This coin is then the fourth specimen known to him.
RT96907. Billon follis (large), Cloke-Toone 4.03.012 (same dies), Domqueur Hoard 1278 (pl. XVIII), RIC VI Londinium 50 (R), Cohen VI 169, Hunter V -, SRCV IV -, Mantis ANSCD -, Choice gVF, well centered, nice portrait, bare-copper porous surfaces, weight 9.757 g, maximum diameter 28.9 mm, die axis 180o, Londinium (London, England) mint, 1 May 305 - spring 307 A.D.; obverse IMP MAXIMIANVS P F IN AVG (Imperator Maximianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus), laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from front; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius of the Roman people standing left, naked except for chlamys over shoulder, kalathos on head, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand; extremely rare; SOLD


Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.

|Constantine| |the| |Great|, |Constantine| |the| |Great,| |Early| |307| |-| |22| |May| |337| |A.D.||follis|
Upon Constantius' death, Severus II was elevated to the rank of Augustus, while the young Constantine was appointed Caesar. RIC VI notes the ANT: issue was probably continued after 25 July 306 into the spring 307, but no coins of Severus as Augustus were known to the authors. Constantine Caesar is not mentioned at all in conjunction with this last full size follis issue. He is noted for the first time in 308 A.D. for the lighter reformed GENIO CAESARIS* folles.
RT37957. Billon follis, RIC VI Antiochia -; cf. FORVM 28162 (officina 9), gVF, flat strike reverse, weight 9.639 g, maximum diameter 28.7 mm, die axis 180o, 8th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, as caesar, autumn 306 - spring 307 A.D.; obverse FL VAL CONSTANTINVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing left, nude but for chlamys on shoulders and kalathos on head, patera from which liquid flows in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, H right, ANT: in exergue; extremely rare; SOLD


Diocletian, 20 November 284 - 1 May 305 A.D., Emperor's Name Misspelled!

|Diocletian|, |Diocletian,| |20| |November| |284| |-| |1| |May| |305| |A.D.,| |Emperor's| |Name| |Misspelled!||follis| |(large)|NEW
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.
RT114036. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Alexandria p.665, 32a var. (normal spelling); SRCV IV 12803 var. (same), Cohen VI 101 var. (same); Hunter V 114 var. (same, 2nd officina),, Choice EF, considerable silvering remaining, full legends, engraving error misspelling the Emperor's name!, weight 11.126 g, maximum diameter 28.0 mm, die axis 0o, 5th officina, Alexandria mint, c. 301 A.D.; obverse IMP C DIOCETANVS P F AVG (sic!, emperor's name should read DIOCLETIANVS, missing L and second I), laureate head right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing left, kalathos on head, nude but for cloak over shoulders and left arm, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, E (5th officina) right, XX-I (mark of value, 20 denarii communes = 1 follis) divided across field flanking below center, ALE (Alexandria) in exergue; ON LAYAWAY


Roman Republic, Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, 76 - 75 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Cn.| |Cornelius| |Lentulus| |Marcellinus,| |76| |-| |75| |B.C.||denarius|
This coin expresses the belief of the Roman people in their destiny to dominate the land and sea as caput rerum, the head of the world. In his new book Roman Republican Moneyers and Their Coins 81 B.C. - 64 B.C., Michael Harlan writes, "It was a goal still to be achieved in 74, but expounded with the same degree of faith as was the believe that it was America's manifest destiny to spread from ocean to ocean."

The Q on the reverse stands for Quaestor, the function of this moneyer under the command of Proconsul Pompey. He was sent Spain to assist Metellus Pius in the war against Sertorius.
SH31412. Silver denarius, Sydenham 752, Crawford 393/1a, RSC I Cornelia 54, Russo RBW 1432, SRCV I 323, gVF, rainbow toning, weight 3.950 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 180o, Spanish mint, 76 - 75 B.C.; obverse bearded, diademed and draped bust of the Genius of the Roman People right, scepter over shoulder, G•P•R (Genius Populi Romani) above; reverse wreathed scepter on left, globe in center, rudder on right, EX - S•C (ex senatus consulto) flanking in outer fields, CN•LEN•Q below; SOLD


Geta, 209 - c. 26 December 211 A.D.

|Geta|, |Geta,| |209| |-| |c.| |26| |December| |211| |A.D.||denarius|
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Roman people, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc.
RS79615. Silver denarius, RIC IV 59(b); RSC III 114; BMCRE V p. 274, 579; Hunter III 24; SRCV II 7187 var. (draped), Choice EF, superb portrait, mint luster, near perfect centering, small edge cracks, weight 3.737 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, as caesar, early 209 A.D.; obverse P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES, bearded, bare head right; reverse PONTIF COS II (priest, consul for the 2nd time), Genius standing left, sacrificing from patera in right hand over flaming altar, ears of grain downward in left hand; SOLD


Constantius I, May 305 - 25 July 306 A.D.

|Constantius| |I|, |Constantius| |I,| |May| |305| |-| |25| |July| |306| |A.D.||follis| |(large)|
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.
SH27729. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Lugdunum 167a, Bastien XI 311, Cohen VII 122, Hunter V 16 var. (1st officina), SRCV IV -, EF, centered on a tight flan, green patina, sharp portrait, weight 10.215 g, maximum diameter 25.5 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, as caesar, 301 - 303 A.D.; obverse CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, laureate and cuirassed bust left, holding scepter in right hand over right shoulder; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand over altar, cornucopia in left hand, B right, PLC in exergue; SOLD


Nero, 13 October 54 - 9 June 68 A.D.

|Nero|, |Nero,| |13| |October| |54| |-| |9| |June| |68| |A.D.||as|
Under Nero, the mint produced these brass asses on a weight standard of one half a dupondius. The letter I denotes one as, while II appears on dupondii equal to two asses and S appears on the semisses. This experiment with brass as was not continued by his successors, though some issued 3g brass semisses and Trajan and Hadrian produced brass 4g 1/3 dupondii and 8g 2/3 dupondii in the East.
SH19914. Orichalcum as, RIC I 214, BnF II 322, BMCRE I 252, Mac Dowall WCN 269, Cohen I 101, SRCV I 1977, VF, attractive green patina, nice style, high relief portrait, weight 7.819 g, maximum diameter 25.1 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 64 A.D.; obverse NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GER P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head right; reverse GENIO AVGVSTI (to the guardian spirit of the Emperor), Genius standing left, wearing himation, sacrificing from patera in right over flaming altar at feet on left, cornucopia in right, I (mark of value) in exergue, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; scarce; SOLD




  




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