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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Papal States||View Options:   | | | The Papal States, officially the State of the Church, were territories in the Italian Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope, from the 8th century until 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from roughly the 8th century until the Italian Peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. At their zenith, they covered most of the modern Italian regions of Lazio (which includes Rome), Marche, Umbria and Romagna, and portions of Emilia. These holdings were considered to be a manifestation of the temporal power of the pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy. By 1861, much of the Papal States' territory had been conquered by the Kingdom of Italy. Only Lazio, including Rome, remained under the Pope's temporal control. In 1870, the pope lost Lazio and Rome and had no physical territory at all, not even the Vatican. Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini ended the crisis between unified Italy and the Holy See by signing the Lateran Treaty in 1929, thus granting the Vatican City State sovereignty. |
The Holy Door or 'Porta Sancta' is only open during a Holy Year (Jubilee), which occurs every 25 years. The last one was in 2015 - a special Jubilee declared by Pope Francis. On the first day of a holy year, the Pope strikes the brick wall with a silver hammer and opens it to the pilgrims. The message imparted by the Holy Door is that God's mercy reaches out to mankind's frailty.SH94143. Silver scudo, SCWC KM 370, Berman 2004, Muntoni 13, Davenport IV 4080, Choice EF, nicely toned, weight 29.237 g, maximum diameter 42.4 mm, die axis 0o, 1675; obverse CLEMENS PONT MAX X, Papal arms; reverse CLAVSIS FORIBVS VENIET ET DABIT PACEM (closed doors come and give peace), holy door closed, MDCL XXV (1675) in exergue; ex Torex; SOLD
Papal States, Pius IX, 1846 - 1878
Pius IX was Pope from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was the last pope who was also a secular ruler. As monarch of the Papal States, he ruled over some 3 million people. In 1870, the Papal States were seized by force of arms by the newly founded Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner of the Vatican." The matter was only resolved in international law by the Lateran Treaty agreed in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See, the latter receiving financial compensation for the loss of the Papal States and Italy recognized the Vatican City State as an independent territorial sovereign entity in international law known as the Holy See. The Vatican, as before, and still today, maintains diplomatic relations with many other nations.SH86343. Gold 20 Lire, Pagani 531, Berman 3333, Muntoni 41, SCWC KM 1382.3, Schlumberger Gold 154, Friedberg 280; Latin Monetary Union; reeded edge, EF, light marks, weight 6.412 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 1867; obverse PIVS IX PON MAX A XXII (Pius IX Pontifex Maximus, year 22), bust left, wearing zucchetto, mozzetta, and pallium, fleuron below; reverse * STATO * PONTIFICIO *, 20 / LIRE / 1867 in three lines within oak and laurel wreath, small R (Rome) below; SOLD
Pope Gregory XIII (1572 - 1585), Slaughter of the Huguenots Medal, 1572
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572 was a group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots during the French Wars of Religion. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Queen Catherine de' Medici, the mother of King Charles IX, the massacre took place a few days after the wedding day (18 August) of the king's sister Margaret to the Protestant Henry III of Navarre (the future Henry IV of France). Many of the most wealthy and prominent Huguenots had gathered in largely Catholic Paris to attend the wedding. The massacre began in the night of 23-24 August 1572, two days after the attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the military and political leader of the Huguenots. The king ordered the killing of a group of Huguenot leaders, including Coligny, and the slaughter spread throughout Paris. Lasting several weeks, the massacre expanded outward to other urban centers and the countryside. Modern estimates for the number of dead across France vary widely, from 5,000 to 30,000.WO88345. Bronze medal, CNORP V 685, Mazio 110, Whitman 14, Lincoln 697, Armand I 37; Engraver: Gianfederigo Bonzanga (known as Federigo Parmesne), EF, beautiful style, a few bumps and marks, scattered minor porosity, reverse die crack, weight 12.830 g, maximum diameter 30.4 mm, die axis 0o, restrike, 17th or 18th century; obverse ·GREGORIVS·XIII·PONT·MAX·AN·I, bust of pope left, wearing camauro and mozzetta, small ·F·P· below; reverse VGONOTTORVM·STRAGES·1572·, Angel advancing right, holding sword in right hand, cross in left hand, entering battleground filled with death; ex Karl Stephens, Inc. (Temple City, CA dealer); rare; SOLD
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