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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Non-Olympian| ▸ |River God||View Options:  |  |  |   

River Gods
Nero, 13 October 54 - 9 June 68 A.D.

|Nero|, |Nero,| |13| |October| |54| |-| |9| |June| |68| |A.D.||sestertius|
The name Ostia was derived from the Latin "ostium" - river mouth. At the mouth of the River Tiber, Ostia was Rome's seaport. Construction of the port facilities began under Claudius and was likely completed just before this sestertius was struck in 64 A.D. Trajan and Hadrian expanded the facilities. The port was abandoned due to silting and now lies 3 km from the sea. The site is noted for the excellent preservation of its ancient buildings, magnificent frescoes and impressive mosaics.
SH86120. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC I 178, BMCRE I 131, Mac Dowall WCN 120, BnF II 299, Hunter I 39, Cohen I 37, SRCV 1953, VF, well centered, nice portrait, near black patina, scratches on obverse lower right field, some porosity and tiny pitting, weight 26.031 g, maximum diameter 34.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 64 A.D.; obverse NERO CLAVD CAESAR AVG GER P M TR P IMP P P, laureate bust right, wearing aegis; reverse AVGVSTI above, S - C divided by POR OST below, bird's-eye view Ostia harbor: pharos lighthouse with Neptune statue on top at far side center; crescent-shaped pier with building and figure sacrificing at far end, crescent-shaped row of breakwaters or slips on right with figure seated on rock at far end, 7 ships within port; river god Tiber reclining left holding rudder and dolphin below; ex Gorny & Mosch auction 195 (7 Mar 2011), lot 405; an attractive example of a highly desired type!; SOLD


Augustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D., Antioch, Syria

|Roman| |Syria|, |Augustus,| |16| |January| |27| |B.C.| |-| |19| |August| |14| |A.D.,| |Antioch,| |Syria||tetradrachm|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Most biblical scholars believe Jesus was born between 6 and 4 B.C.
SH110984. Silver tetradrachm, McAlee 182; Prieur 52; RPC I 4153; BMC Galatia p. 167, 137; Cohen DCA 400, aVF, excellent portrait, well centered, toned,, weight 14.698 g, maximum diameter 26.8 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 4 - 3 B.C.; obverse KAIΣAPOΣ ΣE-BAΣTOY (clockwise from upper right), laureate head right; reverse ETOYΣ HK NIKHΣ (year 28 Actian Era), Tyche of Antioch seated right on rocks, turreted, holding palm branch, half-length figure of river-god Orontes swimming right below, his head turned facing, YΠA monogram and IB (12th consulship) over ANT (Antioch) monogram in the right field; SOLD


Otho, 15 January 69 - 17 April 69 A.D., Roman Provincial Egypt

|Roman| |Egypt|, |Otho,| |15| |January| |69| |-| |17| |April| |69| |A.D.,| |Roman| |Provincial| |Egypt||hemidrachm|
Otho ruled for just a few months. The mint of Alexandria struck coins with his name, though the portrait bears little resemblance to those of the other mints. It is possible that Alexandria produced coins without having an image of the new emperor.
RP84745. Bronze hemidrachm, RPC I 5364 (3 spec.); Geissen 257; Dattari 336; BMC Alexandria 217; Milne 376; SNG BnF 710; Kampmann-Ganschow 18.13; Emmett 189 (R4); SNG Milan -, F, attractive brown tone, flan crack, light scratches, smoothing, weight 16.768 g, maximum diameter 30.2 mm, die axis 0o, Alexandria mint, 15 Jan 69 - 17 Apr 69 A.D.; obverse AYTOK MAPK OΘΩNOΣ KAIΣ ΣEB, laureate head right, beveled edge; reverse bust of Nilus right, wearing papyrus diadem, cornucopia behind right shoulder, date LA (year 1) before; from the Jyrki Muona Collection; extremely rare; SOLD


Neapolis, Campania, Italy, c. 275 - 250 B.C.

|Italy|, |Neapolis,| |Campania,| |Italy,| |c.| |275| |-| |250| |B.C.||nomos|
In angst at not seducing Ulysses with her voice, the siren Parthenope, threw herself into the sea and died. Her body washed up on the shore near Neapolis. There she was not envisioned as one of the insidious monsters of Homer, but rather like a dead hero, she was enshrined and deified and her name was given to an early settlement on the site. Neapolis held funerary torch-races to commemorate Parthenope and her nearby tomb and sanctuary were among the local places of interest. The river god Achelous was her father.
SH95243. Silver nomos, SNG Cop 440; SNG ANS 381; BMC Italy 100, 63; Sambon 483; HN Italy 586; SNG Cop -, Choice VF, fine style, toned, well centered on a tight flan, porous, light marks, weight 7.114 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 45o, Neapolis (Naples, Italy) mint, c. 275 - 250 B.C.; obverse head of siren Parthenope left, wearing taenia, triple-pendant earring, and necklace, EY behind neck; reverse the river-god Achelous in the form of a man-faced bull, walking left, head turned facing, Nike flying left above, placing wreath on river-god's head, ΛOY below, NEOΠOΛITHΣ in exergue; ex Forum (2018); SOLD


Brettian League, Bruttium, Italy, c. 216 - 203 B.C., Allies of Hannibal

|Italy|, |Brettian| |League,| |Bruttium,| |Italy,| |c.| |216| |-| |203| |B.C.,| |Allies| |of| |Hannibal||drachm|
The success of Hannibal at Cannae proved too much for the Bruttians' fidelity; they were among the first after the battle to declare in favor of the Carthaginian general. Some towns at first remained with Rome, but Petelia and Consentia were speedily reduced by other Bruttians and a small Carthaginian force, and the more important cities of Locri and Crotona followed not long after. Rhegium alone remained firm, and was able to defy Carthage throughout the war. The region became a Carthaginian stronghold, but the Romans, though avoiding any decisive engagement, continually gained ground by the successive reduction of towns and fortresses. The ravages of war were a severe blow to Bruttium. Punishment by the Romans after the war completed their humiliation. They were deprived of most of their territory, and the whole nation was reduced to near servitude. A praetor with an army was sent annually to watch over them. Colonies were established at Tempsa, Crotona, and Hipponium (renamed Vibo Valentia). A fourth was settled at Thurii on their frontier. From this time the Bruttians as a people disappear from history. All coinage of the Brettii was issued while they were allied with Hannibal.
SH95921. Silver drachm, Scheu Silver S14; SNG Tüb 491; SNG ANS 19; HN Italy 1960; BMC Italy p. 321, 20 corr. (palladion vice trophy); HGC Italy 1356 (R3) var. (controls), EF, attractive style, light tone, flow lines, mild die wear, obverse a little off center, weight 4.631 g, maximum diameter 20.4 mm, die axis 225o, Kroton (Crotone, Calabria, Italy) mint, 3rd coinage, c. 216 - 214 B.C.; obverse bust winged Nike right, wearing stephane necklace, and earring, hair bound behind with a fillet, tiny ⌟ and trophy (controls) behind; reverse river god Aisaros standing facing, horned, nude, crowning himself with wreath in right hand, cloak over left arm, long scepter in left hand, BPETTIΩN upward on left, thymiaterion (control) right; from the Errett Bishop Collection; rare; SOLD


Augustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D., Tarsos, Cilicia

|Cilicia|, |Augustus,| |16| |January| |27| |B.C.| |-| |19| |August| |14| |A.D.,| |Tarsos,| |Cilicia||tetradrachm|
With a history going back over 6,000 years, Tarsus has long been an important stop for traders and a focal point of many civilisations. It was the scene of the first meeting between Mark Antony and Cleopatra, and the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. Under Rome, Tarsos was an important intellectual center, boasting its own academy. One of its leading disciples, the philosopher Athenodorus Cananites, was the Augustus' tutor, which secured continuous imperial patronage for the city. It was made the capital of the Roman province of Cilicia.
SH86513. Silver tetradrachm, RPC I 4004; Prieur 748 (12 spec.); SNG Levante 988; SNG BnF 1388; AMC I 1424; Walker Metrology I 566; BMC Lycaonia -, VF, toned, well struck, centered on a tight flan cutting off tops of part of legend, rough and porous surfaces, weight 13.090 g, maximum diameter 26.4 mm, die axis 0o, Tarsos (Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey) mint, c. 1 B.C. - 10 A.D.; obverse KAIΣAPOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, laureate head of Augustus right; reverse MHTPOΠOΛEΩΣ, Tyche (city goddess) seated right, turreted and veiled, palm frond in right hand, river-god Kydnos swimming right below, TAP (Tarsos) monogram in right field; from the David Cannon Collection, ex Beast Coins; SOLD


Mytilene, Lesbos, c. 454 - 427 B.C.

|Lesbos|, |Mytilene,| |Lesbos,| |c.| |454| |-| |427| |B.C.||Hekte| |(1/6| |Stater)|
Mytilene revolted against Athens in 428 B.C. but was overcome by an Athenian expeditionary force. The Athenian public assembly voted to massacre all the men of the city and to sell the women and children into slavery but changed its mind the next day. A fast trireme sailed the 186 nautical miles (344 km) in less than a day and brought the decision to cancel the massacre.
SH85699. Electrum Hekte (1/6 Stater), Bodenstedt 52 (c/η); Boston MFA 1700; SNG Cop 325; SNGvA 7731; SNG Fitzwilliam 4344; BMC Troas p. 121, 56 & pl. 32, 25; HGC 6 978 (R1), aVF, weight 2.573 g, maximum diameter 11.3 mm, die axis 0o, Mytilene mint, c. 454 - 427 B.C.; obverse young male head (river god?) right, short hair, wearing taenia; reverse archaizing bearded male head (Dionysos?) right, long pointed beard, within incuse square; SOLD


Neapolis, Campania, Italy, c. 300 - 275 B.C.

|Italy|, |Neapolis,| |Campania,| |Italy,| |c.| |300| |-| |275| |B.C.||didrachm|
The design of the obverse is derived from the tetradrachms of Agathocles of Syracuse. -- A.D. Burnett, SNR 56 (1977), pp. 109 - 11
GS110599. Silver didrachm, SNG Cop 412 (same dies), SNG ANS 336, Sambon 457, HN Italy 576, SNG München -, SNG Fitz -, BMC Italy -, VF, struck with fine style dies, die wear, edge split, man-face not fully struck, weight 7.505 g, maximum diameter 21.5 mm, die axis 45o, Neapolis (Naples, Italy) mint, c. 300 - 275 B.C.; obverse diademed female head (Nymph or siren Parthenope?) right, wearing triple pendant earring, string of pearls from ear to ear behind neck, and pearl necklace, four dolphins around; reverse man-faced bull (river-god Achelous) walking right, head turned facing, crowned with wreath by Nike flying right above, ΘE below, NEOΠOΛITΩN in exergue; from the CEB Collection, ex Numismatic Fine Arts (Los Angeles), Fall 1989 Sale, lot 18; SOLD


Hannibalianus, Rex Regum, 337 A.D.

|Hanniballianus|, |Hannibalianus,| |Rex| |Regum,| |337| |A.D.||reduced| |centenionalis|
Hannibalianus, the nephew of Constantine I, was named rex regum et Ponticarum gentium (King of the Pontic Land and Peoples) in early 337. He was to take the place the pro-Roman King Tigranes of Armenia, who had recently been ousted by the Persian King Shapur II. Constantine, however, died on 22 May, before retaking Armenia. Later in 337, Hannibalianus, Dalmatius and many other male relatives, were murdered at the behest of one or all of Constantine’s sons (though they denied it). Hannibalianus was the Roman king who never actually ruled any territory.
RL85021. Billon reduced centenionalis, cf. RIC VII Constantinople 147 (R2), LRBC I 1034, SRCV IV 16905, Cohen VII 2, VF/F, nice portrait, attractive green patina, reverse a little softly struck, tight flan cutting off mintmark, weight 1.470 g, maximum diameter 15.4 mm, die axis 0o, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 336 - 337 A.D; obverse FL HANNIBALLIANO REGI, bare-headed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse SE-CVRITAS PVBLICA (security of the public), Euphrates reclining right leaning on scepter, urn at his side, reed behind, CONSS(?) in exergue; rare; SOLD


Poseidonia, Lucania, Italy, c. 450 - 390 B.C.

|Italy|, |Poseidonia,| |Lucania,| |Italy,| |c.| |450| |-| |390| |B.C.||nomos|
Poseidonia was founded around the end of the 7th century B.C. by Greek colonists from Sybaris. In the fifth century B.C., Poseidonia was conquered by the Lucani. Archaeological evidence indicates Greek and Oscan cultures thrived together. In 273 B.C., after the Poseidonians had sided with Pyrrhus against Rome, Poseidonia was refounded as the Roman city of Paestum.
GS85718. Silver nomos, cf. HN Italy 1127, SNG ANS 677 ff., SNG Cop 1278 ff., SNG Lockett 442, Weber 817, De Luynes 531 (none with these controls), F, toned, bumps and marks, die wear, porosity, weight 7.242 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 135o, Poseidonia (Paestum, Italy) mint, c. 420 - 410 B.C.; obverse Poseidon advancing left, trident in raised right, left arm outstretched before, POSEI downward on right, tiny Θ(?, control) in left field; reverse bull standing left, POSEI (retrograde, Σ appearing as M) above, tiny M (control) below; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES|

Imhoof-Blumer, F. "Fluss- und Meergötter auf griechischen und römischen Münzen (Personifikationen der Gewässer)" in RSN 23 (1923), pp. 173-421.
Malloy, A. "The Danubian Celts" in Alex G. Malloy Auction Sale XLVI, June 24, 1997. NumisWiki webpage
Molinari, N.J. & N. Sisci. Potamikon: Sinews of Acheloios. A Comprehensive Catalog of the Bronze Coinage of the Man-Faced Bull, With Essays on Origin and Identity. (Oxford, 2016).

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