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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Personifications| ▸ |Forgiveness & Mercy||View Options:  |  |  |   

Forgiveness and Mercy (Clementia)

In Roman mythology, Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following Caesar's civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Caesar's instigation as Caesar was keen to demonstrate that he had this virtue. In a letter to his friend Atticus, Cicero is discussing Caesar's clementia: "You will say they are frightened. I dare say they are, but I'll be bound they're more frightened of Pompey than of Caesar. They are delighted with his artful clemency and fear the other's wrath." Again in Pro rege Deiotaro (For King Deiotarus) Cicero discusses Caesar's virtue of clementia. There is not much information surrounding Clementia's cult; it would seem that she was merely an abstraction of a particular virtue, one that was revered in conjunction with revering Caesar and the Roman state. Clementia was seen as a good trait within a leader, it also the Latin word for "humanity" or "forbearance". This is opposed to Saevitia which was savagery and bloodshed. Yet, she was the Roman counterpart of Eleos the Greek goddess of mercy and forgiveness who had a shrine in Athens. In traditional imagery, she is depicted holding a branch and a scepter, and may be leaning on a column.

Antoninus Pius, August 138 - 7 March 161 A.D.

|Antoninus| |Pius|, |Antoninus| |Pius,| |August| |138| |-| |7| |March| |161| |A.D.||sestertius|
Indulgentia personifies clemency, lenity, grace, or favor. Indulgentia on Roman coins advertises either some permission given, some privilege bestowed, or some tribute remitted.
RB84936. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC III 914, Cohen II 454, Strack III 1091, BMCRE IV 1939, SRCV II 4183 var. (date), Nice VF, attractive coin, some tiny pitting, weight 23.315 g, maximum diameter 32.3 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 153 - 154 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVII (Antoninus Pius, emperor, father of the country, tribune of the people 17 years), laureate head right; reverse INDVLGENTIA AVG COS IIII (clemency of the emperor, consul 4 times), Indulgentia seated left, extending right hand, scepter in left, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; SOLD


Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.

|Hadrian|, |Hadrian,| |11| |August| |117| |-| |10| |July| |138| |A.D.||denarius|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
SH54109. Silver denarius, BMCRE III 536, RIC II 206, RSC II 218, EF, weight 3.046 g, maximum diameter 19.9 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 132 - 134 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, bare head right; reverse CLEMENTIA AVG COS III P P, Clementia standing half left, patera in right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand; exceptional coin, fine style, sharp, masterpiece portrait, light toning on mint luster; SOLD


Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.

|Hadrian|, |Hadrian,| |11| |August| |117| |-| |10| |July| |138| |A.D.||denarius|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
SH90477. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 1069 (R), BMCRE III 538, RSC II 221, Strack II 333, SRCV II 3464 var. (bare head left), aVF, attractive portrait, toned, scratches, weight 2.562 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 132 - 134 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, bare-headed, draped, bust left; reverse CLEMENTIA AVG COS III P P, Clementia standing half left, patera in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand; rare; SOLD


Tacitus, 25 September 275 - June 276 A.D.

|Tacitus|, |Tacitus,| |25| |September| |275| |-| |June| |276| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
SH14028. Silvered antoninianus, MER-RIC 3578, RIC V-1 84, Venèra 1080 - 1110, BnF XII 1644, Hunter IV -,, Choice VF, full circle centering, attractive bust type, weight 4.210 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, 7th officina, Rome mint, issue 3, early - Jun 276 A.D.; obverse IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG, radiate bust right with bare chest, drapery on far shoulder; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Clementia standing left, scepter in right hand, leaning with left forearm on column, XXIZ in exergue; scarce; SOLD


Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.

|Marcus| |Aurelius|, |Marcus| |Aurelius,| |7| |March| |161| |-| |17| |March| |180| |A.D.||denarius|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
RS51519. Silver denarius, RIC III AP456a, BMCRE IV AP780, RSC II 25a, Hunter II -, SRCV II -, EF, exceptional high-relief portrait, weight 3.161 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 151 - 152 A.D.; obverse AVRELIVS CAESAR ANTONINI AVG PII FIL, bare head right; reverse TR POT VI COS II, Clementia standing half left, head left, patera in right hand, lifting skirt drapery with left hand, CLEM in exergue; ex Wayne Sayles; SOLD


Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.

|Marcus| |Aurelius|, |Marcus| |Aurelius,| |7| |March| |161| |-| |17| |March| |180| |A.D.||denarius|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
RS67702. Silver denarius, RIC III AP456a, BMCRE IV AP780, RSC II 25a, Hunter II -, SRCV II -, VF, weight 3.258 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, as caesar, 151 - 152 A.D.; obverse AVRELIVS CAESAR ANTONINI AVG PII FIL, bare head right; reverse TR POT VI COS II, Clementia standing half left, head left, patera in right hand, lifting skirt drapery with left hand, CLEM in exergue; SOLD


Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.

|Hadrian|, |Hadrian,| |11| |August| |117| |-| |10| |July| |138| |A.D.||denarius|
Indulgentia is the personification of clemency, leniency, grace, or favor. This coin may refer to some specific permission or clemency given, or some privilege bestowed by the emperor.
RS98772. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 953 (R), BMCRE III 521, RSC II 845b, Strack II 198, Hunter II 188 var. (also cuirassed), SRCV II -, VF, excellent portrait, light toning, light scratches and marks, edge cracks , weight 3.019 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 128 - c. 129 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS P P, draped bare head right; reverse INDVLGENTIA AVG, Indulgentia seated left, extending right hand, scepter in left hand, COS III in exergue; ex Numismatic Naumann auction 110 (7 Nov 2021), part of lot 1542; zero sales of this type listed on Coin Archives in the last two decades; rare; SOLD


Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.

|Hadrian|, |Hadrian,| |11| |August| |117| |-| |10| |July| |138| |A.D.||denarius|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
RS94582. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 1066 (S), BMCRE III 536, RSC II 218, Hunter II 182, SRCV II 3464 var. (bare head left), aVF/F, nice portrait, flow lines, toning, porous, small edge cracks, weight 2.828 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 129 - 130 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, bare head right; reverse CLEMENTIA AVG COS III P P, Clementia (mercy) standing slightly left, head left, patera in extended right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarce; SOLD


Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.

|Hadrian|, |Hadrian,| |11| |August| |117| |-| |10| |July| |138| |A.D.||denarius|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
RS97482. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 1066, Strack II 333, BMCRE III 536 note, RSC II 218 var. (bare head), SRCV II 3464 var. (same), Choice aVF, lightly toned, excellent centering, nice portrait, radiating flow lines, reverse die wear, small edge split, weight 3.172 g, maximum diameter 19.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 132 - 134 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, bare head right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse CLEMENTIA AVG COS III P P, Clementia standing facing, head left, patera in right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand; scarce variety; SOLD


Florianus, June or July - August or September 276 A.D.

|Florianus|, |Florianus,| |June| |or| |July| |-| |August| |or| |September| |276| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.
RB45655. Silvered antoninianus, RIC V-1 27, aVF, nice centering, weight 3.713 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 276 A.D.; obverse IMP C FLORIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Clementia standing left, legs crossed, leaning on column, scepter in right, XXIZ in exergue; SOLD




  




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