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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Heros| ▸ |Romulus||View Options:  |  |  |   

Romulus

Romulus and Remus are the mythical twin founders of Rome. Their grandfather was Numitor, king of Alba Longa, a descendant of the Trojan Prince Aeneas and father to their mother, Rhea Silvia. Numitor's brother Amulius deposed him, killed his sons and forced Rhea to become a Vestal Virgin, but Rhea conceived Romulus and Remus by Mars (or Hercules). Amulius exposed the newborns to die but a she-wolf found and suckled them. A shepherd and his wife raised them to manhood. The twins were natural leaders, and acquired many followers. When told their true identities, they killed Amulius, restored Numitor to the throne of Alba Longa and decided to found a new city for themselves. Romulus wished to build the new city on the Palatine Hill but Remus preferred the Aventine Hill. They agreed to determine the site through augury. Romulus received the more favorable signs but each claimed the results in his favor. Remus was killed in the dispute. Romulus named the new city Rome, after himself, and created the Roman Legions and the Roman Senate. Rome's population was swelled by landless refugees and outlaws, mostly men. They abducted women from the neighboring Sabine tribes, which led to war but eventually resulted the Sabines and Romans joining. In later life Romulus became increasingly autocratic, disappeared in mysterious circumstances and was deified as the god Quirinus, the divine persona of the Roman people. Ancient historians had no doubt that Romulus gave his name to the city. Most modern historians believe the mythological narrative is mostly or entirely fiction.

Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.

|Hadrian|, |Hadrian,| |11| |August| |117| |-| |10| |July| |138| |A.D.||denarius|
Plutarch's Life of Romulus describes Rome's first triumph after Romulus' victory over Acron, king of the Ceninenses who attacked Rome after the rape of the Sabine Women: "...Romulus, that he might perform his vow in the most acceptable manner to Jupiter, and make the pomp of it delightful to the eye of the city, cut down a tall oak which he saw growing in the camp, trimmed to the shape of a trophy, and fastened on it Acron's whole suit of armor disposed in proper form; then he himself, girding his clothes about him, and crowning his head with a laurel garland, his hair gracefully flowing, carried the trophy resting erect upon his right shoulder, and so marched on, singing songs of triumph, and his whole army following after, the citizens all receiving him with acclamations of joy and wonder. The procession of this day was the origin and model of all after triumphs..."
RS87769. Silver denarius, RIC II 266f (S), RSC II 1316b, BMCRE III 712, Hunter II 236, Strack II 263, SRCV II 3538 var. (slight drapery), Choice EF, light tone, much luster, radiating flow lines, some die wear, tiny edge cracks, weight 3.397 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 138 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P, laureate and draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse ROMVLO CONDITORI (to Romulus the founder), Romulus in military dress advancing right, transverse spear in right hand, spolia opima (trophy of captured arms) in left hand over left shoulder; ex Aureo & Calico, Roma Aeterna Collection auction (09 Nov 2017), lot 71; scarce; SOLD


Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, C. Memmius C.f., 56 B.C.

|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |First| |Triumvirate,| |C.| |Memmius| |C.f.,| |56| |B.C.||denarius|
Ceres a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships, was listed among the Di Consentes, Rome's equivalent to the Twelve Olympians of Greek mythology. The Romans saw her as the counterpart of the Greek goddess Demeter, whose mythology was reinterpreted for Ceres in Roman art and literature.
RR48286. Silver denarius, Sydenham 921, Crawford 427/2, RSC I Memmia 9, gVF, toned, old scratches, weight 3.832 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 56 B.C.; obverse Q VIRINVS C·MEMMI·C·F, laureate and bearded head of Romulus right; reverse MEMMIVS • AED • CERIALIA PREIMVS FECIT, Ceres seated right, torch in left, grain ears in right, serpent at feet; SOLD


Roman Republic, Sextus Pompeius Fostlus, c. 137 B.C.

|211-100| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompeius| |Fostlus,| |c.| |137| |B.C.||denarius|
This family was of plebeian origin and apparently claimed descent from Faustulus, the royal shepherd of Amulius. Faustulus found the infants Romulus and Remus, being suckled by the she-wolf (Lupa) at the foot of the Palatine Hill. Their cradle, in which they had been abandoned in the Tiber, was overturned under a fig tree. Faustulus and his wife, Acca Larentia, raised them. Lupa (she-wolf) was an ancient Latin slang term for prostitute. In some versions of the myth, Larentia was a prostitute.
RR58579. Silver denarius, Crawford 235/1c, Sydenham 461, RSC I Pompeia 1a, BMCRR I Rome 927, Russo RBW 972, SRCV I 112, gVF, weight 3.711 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, c. 137 B.C.; obverse head of Roma left in winged helmet, crest with griffin head, peaked visor in three pieces, wearing earring with two beaded drops and necklace, X below chin, jug behind; reverse she-wolf standing right suckling Romulus and Remus, fig tree with bird on trunk and two on branches in center background, to left the shepherd Faustulus standing right, FOSTLVS downward on left, SEX PO upward on right ROMA in exergue; ex Sayles and Lavender; SOLD


Roman Republic, Sextus Pompeius Fostlus, c. 137 B.C.

|211-100| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompeius| |Fostlus,| |c.| |137| |B.C.||denarius|
This family was of plebeian origin and apparently claimed descent from Faustulus, the royal shepherd of Amulius. Faustulus found the infants Romulus and Remus, being suckled by the she-wolf (Lupa) at the foot of the Palatine Hill. Their cradle, in which they had been abandoned in the Tiber, was overturned under a fig tree. Faustulus and his wife, Acca Larentia, raised them. Lupa (she-wolf) was an ancient Latin slang term for prostitute. In some versions of the myth, Larentia was a prostitute.
SH63079. Silver denarius, Crawford 235/1c, Sydenham 461, RSC I Pompeia 1a, BMCRR I Rome 927, Russo RBW 972, SRCV I 112, VF, toned, weight 3.766 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, c. 137 B.C.; obverse head of Roma left in winged helmet, crest with griffin head, peaked visor in three pieces, wearing earring with two beaded drops and necklace, X below chin, jug behind; reverse she-wolf standing right suckling Romulus and Remus, fig tree with bird on trunk and two on branches in center background, to left the shepherd Faustulus standing right, FOSTLVS downward on left, SEX PO upward on right ROMA in exergue; SOLD


Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D., Parium, Mysia

|Parium|, |Severus| |Alexander,| |13| |March| |222| |-| |March| |235| |A.D.,| |Parium,| |Mysia||AE| |23|
Founded in 709 B.C., the ancient city of Parion is now the village of Kemer in the township of Biga in Canakkale province of Turkey. In the Roman period, it was a major coastal city with two harbors used to connect Thrace with Anatolia. This was the main customs station through which all goods bound for Byzantium from Greece and the Aegean had to pass. It belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, it came under the domain of Lysimachus, and subsequently the Attalid dynasty. In Roman times, it was a colonia, within the province of Asia. After that province was divided in the 4th century, it was in the province of Hellespontus. The ancient coinage of Parium is quite abundant.
RB75148. Orichalcum AE 23, SNG BnF 1505, Lindgren-Kovacs 280 var. (bust from front), BMC Mysia -, SNG Cop -, SNGvA -, SNG Tüb -, SNG Hunterian -, SNG Righetti -, gVF, well centered, exotic style, some inscription not fully struck, weight 6.424 g, maximum diameter 22.5 mm, die axis 300o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, as caesar, 26 Jun 221 - 13 Mar 222 A.D.; obverse M AVP ALEXANdRU SLES (blundered, S's reversed), bare headed, draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse wolf suckling twins Romulus and Remus, C G I H above, PAR in exergue (Colonia Gemella Julia Hadriana Pariana); very rare; SOLD


Maxentius, February 307 - 28 October 312 A.D.

|Maxentius|, |Maxentius,| |February| |307| |-| |28| |October| |312| |A.D.||follis|
This interesting reverse includes two sets of twin brothers; Romulus and Remus suckling the she-wolf are flanked by the Dioscuri twins Castor and Pollux, with their horses.
RB72416. Billon follis, RIC VI Ostia 16, Cohen VII 10, SRCV IV 14976, Hunter V 25 var. (2nd officina), gVF, weight 6.821 g, maximum diameter 25.6 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Ostia (port of Rome) mint, 308 - 310 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right, bare right shoulder from behind; reverse AETERNITAS AVG N, Castor and Pollux, each with star above cap, naked except chlamys over shoulder, leaning on scepter with outer arm, holding bridled horse with inner hand, she-wolf suckling twins in center, MOSTA in exergue; SOLD


Maxentius, February 307 - 28 October 312 A.D.

|Maxentius|, |Maxentius,| |February| |307| |-| |28| |October| |312| |A.D.||follis|
This interesting reverse includes two sets of twin brothers; Romulus and Remus suckling the she-wolf are flanked by the Dioscuri twins Castor and Pollux, with their horses.
RB73599. Billon follis, Hunter V 26 (also 4th officina), RIC VI Ostia 16, Cohen VII 10, SRCV IV 14976, Choice aEF, perfect centering, some silvering remaining, weight 6.421 g, maximum diameter 24.8 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Ostia (port of Rome) mint, 308 - 310 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right, bare right shoulder from behind; reverse AETERNITAS AVG N, Castor and Pollux, each with star above cap, naked except chlamys over shoulder, leaning on scepter with outer arm, holding bridled horse with inner hand, she-wolf suckling twins in center, MOSTΔ in exergue; SOLD


City of Rome Commemorative, 330 - 331 A.D.

|Commemoratives|, |City| |of| |Rome| |Commemorative,| |330| |-| |331| |A.D.||reduced| |centenionalis|
On some high grade examples of the VRBS ROMA series, a certain symbol can be seen or guessed on the shoulder of the wolf. It might look like the letter Θ (at Thessalonica) or a flock of hair, but on this well struck and preserved wolf there is an obvious star, identical to the two above. There are no such symbols on earlier depictions (Republic and early empire) of the she-wolf as far as we know.
RL29455. Billon reduced centenionalis, RIC VII Lyons 242 (R2), Bastien Lyon 201, LRBC I 184, SRCV IV 16490, Cohen VII 17, Hunter V -, EF, flan crack, weight 2.272 g, maximum diameter 17.1 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 330 - 331 A.D.; obverse VRBS ROMA, helmeted bust of Roma left wearing imperial mantle; reverse she-wolf standing left, head turned back right, suckling the infant twins Romulus and Remus, two stars above, PLG in exergue; SOLD


Antoninus Pius, August 138 - 7 March 161 A.D.

|Antoninus| |Pius|, |Antoninus| |Pius,| |August| |138| |-| |7| |March| |161| |A.D.||sestertius|
Faustulus, a shepherd, found the infants Romulus and Remus, being suckled by the she-wolf (Lupa) at the foot of the Palatine Hill. Their cradle, in which they had been abandoned in the Tiber, was overturned under a fig tree. Faustulus and his wife, Acca Larentia, raised the children. Lupa (she-wolf) was an ancient Latin slang term for prostitute. In some versions of the myth, Larentia was a prostitute.
RB65381. Orichalcum sestertius, BMCRE IV 1318, RIC III 648, Cohen II 917 var. (wolf looks back), SRCV II 4121, gF, weight 22.606 g, maximum diameter 30.7 mm, die axis 45o, Rome mint, 140 - 144 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P, laureate head right; reverse TR POT COS III, she-wolf standing right, suckling the twins Romulus and Remus, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; scarce; SOLD


Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D.

|Severus| |Alexander|, |Severus| |Alexander,| |13| |March| |222| |-| |March| |235| |A.D.||sestertius|
In 228 A.D., Shah Ardashir I, four years after establishing the Sassanian Persian Empire, completed his conquest of Parthia.
RB51534. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 626, Cohen IV 591, BMCRE VI 524, SRCV II 8023, Hunter III -, Choice VF, weight 26.669 g, maximum diameter 31.8 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 228 A.D.; obverse IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG, laureate bust right with slight draper on far shoulder; reverse VIRTVS AVGVSTI (to the valor of the Emperor), Alexander as Romulus advancing right, transverse spear in right hand, trophy of captured arms over left shoulder in left hand; SOLD




  




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