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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Non-Olympian| ▸ |Saturn||View Options:   | | | Saturn was a major Roman god identified with the Greek deity Cronus, and the mythologies of the two gods are commonly mixed. Saturn had a temple on the Forum Romanum, which contained the Royal Treasury. Saturn is the namesake of both Saturn, the planet, and Saturday. In Roman mythology, when Jupiter ascended the throne of the Gods, Saturn fled to Rome and established the Golden Age, a time of perfect peace and harmony, which lasted as long as he reigned. In memory of the Golden Age, the Feast of Saturnalia was held every year at the Winter Solstice. Saturnalia was an occasion for celebration and visits to friends. Slaves and masters ate at the same table. No war could be declared. Executions were postponed. Homes were decorated with greenery. And it was a season for giving gifts, particularly wax candles, perhaps to signify the returning light after the solstice. Aspects of Saturnalia survive today in Christmas celebrations and carnival festivals around the world. |
In 157 B.C., the Carthaginians, prevented by their treaty with Rome from engaging in armed resistance, but also guaranteed against loss of territory, appealed to Rome against the aggression of King Masinissa of Numidia. The Roman censor Marcus Porcius Cato arbitrated a truce. While in Carthage, Cato was so struck by the Carthaginian prosperity that he was convinced the security of Rome depended on the annihilation of Carthage. From this time on, Cato repeated the cry "Ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam" ("Moreover, I advise that Carthage must be destroyed") at the end of all his speeches, no matter what subject they concerned.RR58571. Bronze semis, Crawford 198/2b, Sydenham 231b, BMCRR Italy -, SRCV I 847, Choice VF, weight 11.445 g, maximum diameter 23.0 mm, die axis 45o, Italian mint, c. 157 - 155 B.C.; obverse laureate bearded head of Saturn right, S (mark of value) behind; reverse prow of galley right, with acrostillium, rostrum tridens, apotropaic eye, oar-box, and deck structure; S (mark of value) right; ROMA below; no symbol, mint mark or monogram; ex Nilus Coins, beautiful jade-green patina; scarce; SOLD
Roman Republic, First Triumvirate, M. Nonius Sufenas, 59 B.C.
The reverse honors the praetor, Sextus Nonius Sufenas, nephew of Sulla, who initiated the victory games in 81 B.C.SH60293. Silver denarius, SRCV I 377, Sydenham 885, Crawford 421/1, RSC I Nonia 1, EF, weight 3.758 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 59 B.C.; obverse head of Saturn right, harpa, conical stone and S C behind, SVFENAS before; reverse Roma on left seated left, Victory standing left behind crowns her with wreath in right and holds palm frond over shoulder in left, PR•L•V•P•F around, SEX•NONI in exergue; ex Harlan Berk, ex Heritage Auctions; SOLD
Roman Republic, Anonymous ROMA Monogram Series, c. 211 - 210 B.C.
In 211 B.C., Hannibal marched northwards on the city of Rome in a belated and unsuccessful effort to capture the city. Rome faced the danger of famine, caused by Hannibal's forces and the withdrawal of so many men from farming. The situation was only relieved by an urgent appeal by the Romans to the King of Egypt, Ptolemy IV, from whom grain was purchased at three times the usual price.RR71033. Bronze semis, SRCV I 789, Crawford 84/5, Sydenham 190a, BMCRR Italy 193, VF, weight 16.745 g, maximum diameter 29.7 mm, die axis 315o, southeastern Italy mint, c. 211 - 210 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Saturn right, S (mark of value) behind; reverse prow right, S (mark of value) above, ROMA monogram right, ROMA below; scarce; SOLD
Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus and Q. Servilius Caepio, quaestors c. 100 B.C.
This exceptional type was a joint issue of the Quaestor Urbanus (Caepio) and the Quaestor Ostiensis (Piso), produced for the purchase of grain by special decree of the Senate (Ad frumentum emundun, ex senatus consulto).RR21649. Silver denarius, SRCV I 210, Crawford 330/1b, Sydenham 603a, RSC I Calpurnia 5a, Choice gVF, weight 3.852 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, obverse head of Saturn right, crescent, PISO •, and harpa behind, CAEPIO • over trident below, Q below chin; reverse the two quaestors seated left between two stalks of grain, AD FRV EMV EX S C in ex; some mint luster; SOLD
Roman Republic, Anonymous, Second Punic War, 211 - 206 B.C.
Certificate of Authenticity issued by David R. Sear.
The certificate notes, "This exceptionally fine example of the semis, or half as, is anonymous and belongs to the initial phase of production following the reform of c. 211 BC. Crawford dates it to the half-decade 211- 206 BC. The obverse type of Saturn, father of Jupiter became standard on the semis denomination about 225 BC and at the same time the reverse type for all bronze denominations was standardized as the prow of a galley, the principal instrument of Rome's success against Carthage in the First Punic War."RR84478. Bronze semis, McCabe Anonymous G4.Sm.1 (same dies); cf. Crawford 56/3; Sydenham 143a; BMCRR I Rome 229; SRCV I 766, almost EF with smooth dark patina, an exceptionally fine example of this early struck issue (grade by David Sear), weight 19.794 g, maximum diameter 28.8 mm, die axis 90o, Rome mint, 2nd Punic War, 211 - 206 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Saturn right, S (mark of value) behind; reverse galley prow right, S (mark of value) above, ROMA below, narrow tall curved prow stem; from the Dr. Sam Mansourati Collection; SOLD
Roman Republic, L. Appuleius Saturninus, 104 B.C.
The use of Saturn on the reverse is an allusion to the moneyer's cognomen. Control marks for this type are a single Latin letter and one to four dots. Only one reverse die known for each control mark. -- Roman Republican Coinage by Michael H. CrawfordRR97641. Silver denarius, BMCRR I Rome 1533 (same control), Crawford 317/3b, Sydenham 578a, RSC I Appuleia 1, SRCV I 193, Russo RBW 1171 var. (:X), aEF, well struck on a tight flan, light marks, light toning, weight 3.750 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 104 B.C.; obverse head of Roma left, wearing winged helmet with a three-piece peaked visor and ornamented with a griffin head, earring and necklace; reverse Saturn in a quadriga right, reins in left hand, harpa in raised right hand, ·E downward below, L·SATVRN in exergue; SOLD
Roman Republic, L. Appuleius Saturninus, 104 B.C.
The use of Saturn on the reverse is an allusion to the moneyer's cognomen. Control marks for this type are a single Latin letter and one to four dots. Only one reverse die known for each control mark. -- Roman Republican Coinage by Michael H. CrawfordSH81724. Silver denarius, Crawford 317/3b, Sydenham 578a, RSC I Appuleia 1, SRCV I 193, BMCRR I Rome 1535 var. (F vice K), gVF, attractive toning, light marks, weight 3.864 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 104 B.C.; obverse helmeted head of Roma left; reverse Saturn in a quadriga right, reins in left hand, harpa in raised right hand, •K• (K on it side downward) below, L SATVRN in exergue; SOLD
Roman Republic, Spanish Imitative, c. Mid 2nd Century B.C.
In his response to Michael Crawford's "Unofficial Imitations and Small Change under the Roman Republic," Leandre Villaronga identifies this type and others as Spanish issues, with southern Spanish find-spots as supporting evidence. Most likely these were officially sanctioned issues, or at least made without any official objection, given the uniformity of styles and reasonable weight.RR65221. Bronze provincial semis, refer to Leandre Villaronga's response on Spanish types to Crawford Imitations in AIIN 29, VF, weight 9.341 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 90o, unofficial Hispania mint, c. mid 2nd century B.C.; obverse laureate head of Saturn right, S behind; reverse prow right, ROMA below, S above; SOLD
Roman Republic, L. Appuleius Saturninus, 104 B.C.
The use of Saturn on the reverse is an allusion to the moneyer's cognomen. Control marks for this type are a single Latin letter and one to four dots. Only one reverse die known for each control mark. -- Roman Republican Coinage by Michael H. CrawfordRR94471. Silver denarius, Crawford 317/3b, Sydenham 578a, RSC I Appuleia 1, SRCV I 193, BMCRR I Rome 1523 var. (B upright), Choice VF, well centered on a full flan, light tone, some luster, a couple scratches on the obverse, weight 3.836 g, maximum diameter 19.7 mm, die axis 315o, Rome mint, 104 B.C.; obverse helmeted head of Roma left; reverse Saturn in a quadriga right, reins in left hand, harpa in raised right hand, •B (B on its side downward) below, L•SATVRN in exergue; from an Israeli collection, ex Aureo & Calicó; SOLD
Roman Republic, L. Appuleius Saturninus, 104 B.C.
The use of Saturn on the reverse is an allusion to the moneyer's cognomen. Control marks for this type are a single Latin letter and one to four dots. Only one reverse die known for each control mark. -- Roman Republican Coinage by Michael H. CrawfordRR97632. Silver denarius, Crawford 317/3b, Sydenham 578a, RSC I Appuleia 1, SRCV I 193, BMCRR I Rome 1525 var. (·B), Russo RBW 1171 var. (:X), gVF, toned, flow lines, well struck with obv. slightly off center but all detail on flan, scratches, light porosity, part of edge a little irregular, weight 3.695 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 90o, Rome mint, 104 B.C.; obverse head of Roma left, wearing winged helmet with a three-piece peaked visor and ornamented with a griffin head, earring and necklace; reverse Saturn in a quadriga right, reins in left hand, harpa in raised right hand, ·B· below, L·SATVRN in exergue; ex Münzen & Medaillen auction 49 (20 Nov 2020), lot 300; SOLD
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