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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Judean & Biblical Coins| ▸ |    Purim||View Options:  |  |  |   

Purim

After the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews were taken into the seventy-year Babylonian captivity. When ancient Persia took control of Babylon, Haman, the royal vizier, convinced King Ahasuerus to destroy all the Jews. Esther, Ahasuerus's queen and, unknown to him, a Jew, interceded on behalf of her people. By law the King could not rescind the order to slaughter the Jews, so he issued a second decree that permitted the Jews to defend themselves with armed force. The King replaced Haman with Mordecai, a palace official, cousin and foster parent of Esther. The Jews defeated Haman, killing his ten sons that were leading the attacks, and then hanged Haman. The day after the battle was designated as a day of feasting and rejoicing. Scholars identify King Ahasuerus as the historical king Xerxes I, 486 - 465 BCE. Xerxes is the Greek version of his name but the Babylonians knew him as Khshayarsha. The Hebrew name Ahasuerus, appears to be derived from Khshayarsha, with the letter A added at the beginning.

Julius Caesar, Imperator and Dictator, October 49 - 15 March 44 B.C.

|Julius| |Caesar|, |Julius| |Caesar,| |Imperator| |and| |Dictator,| |October| |49| |-| |15| |March| |44| |B.C.||denarius|
Minted after his invasion of Italy and crossing of the Rubicon on 10 January 49 B.C. until his defeat of Pompey at Pharsalus, this was the first coin type issued in Caesar's name. The elephant was the symbol of the Caesar family. According to legend, an ancestor received the name Caesar after single-handedly killing an elephant, probably in North Africa during the First Punic War, and "Caesai" was the name for elephant in the local Punic language. The obverse was long described as an elephant trampling a snake, symbolizing good triumphing over evil. For the Romans, however, the snake was a symbol of healing, not evil. The image to the right (click it to see a larger photo) is ornamentation on the side of the Gundestrup cauldron (c. 150 - 1 B.C.) depicting three Celtic warriors sounding their carnyx war trumpets. Clearly, Caesar's elephant is trampling a carnyx and the obverse symbolizes Caesar's victory over the Celtic tribes of Gaul. The reverse refers to Caesar's office of Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of Rome, a title now held by the Pope.Persian Empire
RR112148. Silver denarius, Crawford 443/1, Sydenham 1006, RSC I 49, Sear CRI 9, BMCRR Gaul 27, Russo RBW 1557, SRCV I 1399, F, toned, off center, scratches, porosity, weight 3.561 g, maximum diameter 17.4 mm, die axis 0o, military mint, traveling with Caesar, 49 B.C.; obverse elephant walking right trampling on a carnyx (a Celtic war trumpet) ornamented to look like a dragon, CAESAR below; reverse implements of the pontificate: culullus (cup) or simpulum (ladle), aspergillum (sprinkler), securis (sacrificial ax), and apex (priest's hat); from Shawn Caza former diplomat, author of A Handbook of Late Roman Coins (Spink, 2021), collection assembled during postings and international travel; ex Lukas Kalchhausser (Vienna dealer); SOLD


Mytilene, Lesbos, 188 - 170 B.C., In the Name Alexander the Great

|Lesbos|, |Mytilene,| |Lesbos,| |188| |-| |170| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Mytilene was initially confined to a small island, that was later joined to Lesbos. After defeating a Mytilene revolt in 428 B.C., the Athenian public assembly voted to massacre all the men and to sell the women and children into slavery. When it changed its mind the next day, a fast trireme sailed the 186 nautical miles (344 km) in less than a day and prevented the massacre. Her most famous residents were the poets Sappho and Alcaeus, the statesman Pittacus (one of the Seven Sages of ancient Greece), and Aristotle, who lived in Mytilene for two years. The Romans, among whom was a young Julius Caesar, successfully besieged Mytilene in 80 B.C. In 56 A.D., Paul the Apostle stopped there on the return trip of his third missionary journey (Acts 20:14).
GS110111. Silver tetradrachm, unpublished variant, Price 1733 var. (ivy leaf vice aphlaston under throne), Müller Alexander -, Hersh -, SNG Greece -, SNG Cop -, VF, toned, scratches and marks, hammered flan, weight 16.151 g, maximum diameter 33.8 mm, die axis 0o, Mytilene mint, c. 188 - 170 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; reverse Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left, nude to the waist, himation around hips and legs, eagle in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, right leg drawn back, AΛEΞANΔPOY downward on right, two pilei over ΔΨ monogram over chelys (lyre) lower left, aphlaston below throne; from the Shawn Caza Collection, ex Dorotheum (Vienna, Austria); zero sales of this type listed on Coin Archives in the last two decades; extremely rare; SOLD


Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C.

|Persian| |Lydia|, |Persian| |Empire,| |Lydia,| |Anatolia,| |Xerxes| |I| |-| |Darius| |II,| |c.| |485| |-| |420| |B.C.||siglos|
The Noe Sigloi Hoard I, 255 coins, appeared on the New York market in the summer of 1950. It was hinted, without any supporting evidence that they came by way of Smyrna. The presence of a single Croesus half-stater points to a find in Asia Minor.
GA84803. Silver siglos, Carradice Type IIIb (early); Noe Sigloi group VI (reverse E), p. 11, pl. VII, 118. (same rev. die, possibly same obv. die), VF, well centered on the usual tight thick flan, weight 5.551 g, maximum diameter 14.8 mm, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse Kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular oblong punch; bankers mark: crescent shaped punch; SOLD


Balbinus, 22 Apr - 29 Jul 238 A.D.

|Balbinus|, |Balbinus,| |22| |Apr| |-| |29| |Jul| |238| |A.D.||antoninianus|
The ironic reverse refers to the mutual loyalty and support for each other by the joint emperors Balbinus and Pupienus. In reality, because they were quarreling they were unable to put up a joint defense against the praetorians. They were both murdered after a reign of only 99 days.
RS110100. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 11; BMCRE VI 71; RSC III 6, Hunter III 5, SRCV III 8485, aF, well centered with full legends, light toning, porous, bumps and scratches, edge a little ragged, weight 4.534 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 22 Apr - 29 Jul 238 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES D CAEL BALBINVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse FIDES MVTVA AVGG, clasped hands; from the Shawn Caza Collection; SOLD


Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C.

|Persian| |Empire|, |Persian| |Empire,| |Lydia,| |Anatolia,| |Xerxes| |I| |-| |Darius| |II,| |c.| |485| |-| |420| |B.C.||siglos|
After the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews were taken into the seventy-year Babylonian captivity. When ancient Persia took control of Babylon, Haman, the royal vizier, convinced King Ahasuerus to destroy all the Jews. Esther, Ahasuerus' queen and, unknown to him, a Jew, interceded on behalf of her people. By law the King could not rescind the order to slaughter the Jews, so he issued a second decree that permitted the Jews to defend themselves with armed force. The King replaced Haman with Mordecai, a palace official, cousin and foster parent of Esther. The Jews defeated Haman, killing his ten sons that were leading the attacks, and then hanged Haman. The day after the battle was designated as a day of feasting and rejoicing. Scholars identify King Ahasuerus as the historical king Xerxes I, 485 - 465 B.C. Xerxes is the Greek version of his name but the Babylonians knew him as Khshayarsha. The Hebrew name Ahasuerus, appears to be derived from Khshayarsha, with the letter A added at the beginning.
GA85707. Silver siglos, Carradice type IIIb (early); Carradice NC 1998 pl. 7, 155 ff.; Rosen 673; SGCV II 4682; Winzer 1.11; Sunrise 25, VF, well centered, toned, lightly etched and porous, weight 5.479 g, maximum diameter 16.0 mm, die axis 0o, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse Kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular rectangular punch; SOLD


Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C.

|Persian| |Lydia|, |Persian| |Empire,| |Lydia,| |Anatolia,| |Xerxes| |I| |-| |Darius| |II,| |c.| |485| |-| |420| |B.C.||siglos|
After the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews were taken into the seventy-year Babylonian captivity. When ancient Persia took control of Babylon, Haman, the royal vizier, convinced King Ahasuerus to destroy all the Jews. Esther, Ahasuerus' queen and, unknown to him, a Jew, interceded on behalf of her people. By law the King could not rescind the order to slaughter the Jews, so he issued a second decree that permitted the Jews to defend themselves with armed force. The King replaced Haman with Mordecai, a palace official, cousin and foster parent of Esther. The Jews defeated Haman, killing his ten sons that were leading the attacks, and then hanged Haman. The day after the battle was designated as a day of feasting and rejoicing. Scholars identify King Ahasuerus as the historical king Xerxes I, 485 - 465 B.C. Xerxes is the Greek version of his name but the Babylonians knew him as Khshayarsha. The Hebrew name Ahasuerus, appears to be derived from Khshayarsha, with the letter A added at the beginning.
GA68664. Silver siglos, Carradice Type IIIb (early); Noe Sigloi group VIII (reverse F), p. 11 and pl. X, 223 (same dies); Carradice Price p. 67 and pl. 17, 15 (same rev die), aVF, toned, weight 5.400 g, maximum diameter 17.2 mm, die axis 0o, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse Kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular oblong punch (Noe Sigloi die F easily recognized by the large globule); SOLD


Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C.

|Persian| |Lydia|, |Persian| |Empire,| |Lydia,| |Anatolia,| |Xerxes| |I| |-| |Darius| |II,| |c.| |485| |-| |420| |B.C.||siglos|
After the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews were taken into the seventy-year Babylonian captivity. When ancient Persia took control of Babylon, Haman, the royal vizier, convinced King Ahasuerus to destroy all the Jews. Esther, Ahasuerus' queen and, unknown to him, a Jew, interceded on behalf of her people. By law the King could not rescind the order to slaughter the Jews, so he issued a second decree that permitted the Jews to defend themselves with armed force. The King replaced Haman with Mordecai, a palace official, cousin and foster parent of Esther. The Jews defeated Haman, killing his ten sons that were leading the attacks, and then hanged Haman. The day after the battle was designated as a day of feasting and rejoicing. Scholars identify King Ahasuerus as the historical king Xerxes I, 485 - 465 B.C. Xerxes is the Greek version of his name but the Babylonians knew him as Khshayarsha. The Hebrew name Ahasuerus, appears to be derived from Khshayarsha, with the letter A added at the beginning.
GA56980. Silver siglos, Carradice type IIIb (early), pl. XII, 16 ff.; Rosen 673; SGCV II 4682; Carradice NC 1998 pl. 7, 155 ff.; Carradice Price p. 67 and pl. 17, 1 ff., F, banker, weight 5.447 g, maximum diameter 15.2 mm, obverse Kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular oblong punch; SOLD


Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C.

|Persian| |Lydia|, |Persian| |Empire,| |Lydia,| |Anatolia,| |Xerxes| |I| |-| |Darius| |II,| |c.| |485| |-| |420| |B.C.||siglos|
After the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews were taken into the seventy-year Babylonian captivity. When ancient Persia took control of Babylon, Haman, the royal vizier, convinced King Ahasuerus to destroy all the Jews. Esther, Ahasuerus' queen and, unknown to him, a Jew, interceded on behalf of her people. By law the King could not rescind the order to slaughter the Jews, so he issued a second decree that permitted the Jews to defend themselves with armed force. The King replaced Haman with Mordecai, a palace official, cousin and foster parent of Esther. The Jews defeated Haman, killing his ten sons that were leading the attacks, and then hanged Haman. The day after the battle was designated as a day of feasting and rejoicing. Scholars identify King Ahasuerus as the historical king Xerxes I, 485 - 465 B.C. Xerxes is the Greek version of his name but the Babylonians knew him as Khshayarsha. The Hebrew name Ahasuerus, appears to be derived from Khshayarsha, with the letter A added at the beginning.
GA71749. Silver siglos, Carradice type IIIb (early); Carradice NC 1998 pl. 7, 155 ff.; Rosen 673; SGCV II 4682; Winzer 1.11; Sunrise 25, VF, toned, banker's mark on reverse, grainy, die break from beard, weight 5.403 g, maximum diameter 15.4 mm, die axis 0o, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse Kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular rectangular punch; from the same dies and die state as Forum GA71685; SOLD


Clodius Albinus, Late 195 or Early 196 - 19 February 197 A.D., Possibly an Ancient Counterfeit

|Clodius| |Albinus|, |Clodius| |Albinus,| |Late| |195| |or| |Early| |196| |-| |19| |February| |197| |A.D.,| |Possibly| |an| |Ancient| |Counterfeit||denarius|
This coin may be a fourree, an unofficial ancient plated counterfeit. Although the style appears official and there is no exposed darker bronze core, these types of lamination defects are most often the result of corrosion within a base core that pushes up silver plating.
RS110099. Silver denarius, cf. RIC IV 4 (R) corr. (D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES only); RSC III 15; BMCRE V 91; SRCV II 6141; Hunter III p. 8, 4 var. (obv. leg. SEP ALBIN), VF, toned, scratches, tight flan, lamination defects, weight 2.642 g, maximum diameter 17.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome or counterfeiter's mint, as caesar, 194 - 195 A.D.; obverse D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right; reverse FELICITAS COS II, Felicitas standing slightly left, head left, short caduceus in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand; from the Shawn Caza Collection, ex Kunst-und Antikmarkt Am Hof (Vienna, Austria); rare; SOLD


Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Artaxerxes I, c. 485 - 420 B.C.

|Persian| |Lydia|, |Persian| |Empire,| |Lydia,| |Anatolia,| |Xerxes| |I| |-| |Artaxerxes| |I,| |c.| |485| |-| |420| |B.C.||siglos|
The Noe Sigloi Hoard I, 255 coins, appeared on the New York market in the summer of 1950. It was hinted, without any supporting evidence that they came by way of Smyrna. The presence of a single Croesus half-stater points to a find in Asia Minor. Noe Sigloi Hoard I, 139 - 255 were all struck with this reverse die.
GA75199. Silver siglos, Carradice Type IIIb (early); Noe Sigloi group VII (1st state of rev F), p. 11, and pl. X, 197 (same dies, nearly the same die wear), VF, grainy, weight 5.411 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse Kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular oblong punch; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Album, Stephen. A Checklist of Islamic Coins. (Santa Rosa, CA, 2011). Bernardi, G. Arabic Gold Coins. Corpus I. (Trieste, 2010). Carradice, I. Coinage and Administration in the Athenian and Persian Empires. BAR 343. (Oxford, 1987).
Carradice, I. "The Dinar Hoard of Persian Sigloi" in Studies Price. (London, 1998).
Carradice, I. "Two Achaemenid Hoards." in NC 158. (Cambridge, 1998).
Nelson, B., ed. Numismatic Art of Persia. The Sunrise Collection, Part I: Ancient - 650 BC to AD 650. (Lancaster, PA, 2011).
Noe, S. Two Hoards of Persian Sigloi. ANSNNM 136. (New York, 1956).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Volume 2, Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Waggoner, N. Early Greek Coins from the Collection of Jonathan P. Rosen (ANS ACNAC 5). (New York, 1983).
Winzer, A. Antike portraitmünzen der Perser und Greichen aus vor-hellenistischer Zeit (Zeitraum ca. 510-322 v.Chr.). (March-Hugstetten, 2005).

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