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Persian Empire, Tiribazos, Satrap of Cilicia, 388 - 380 B.C., Issos, Cilicia
Issus or Issos was on the strategic coastal plain straddling the small Pinarus river (a fast melt-water stream several meters wide) below the navigationally difficult inland mountains towering above to the east in the Turkish Province of Hatay, near the border with Syria. Excavations on the mound occurred between 1992 and 2012 by Bilkent University. It is most notable for being the place of no fewer than three decisive ancient or medieval battles each called in their own era the Battle of Issus: - The Battle of Issus (333 B.C.); Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated Darius III of Persia. This battle is occasionally called the First Battle of Issus, but is more generally known simply as the Battle of Issus, owing to the importance of Alexander's victory over the First Persian Empire and its impact on subsequent history of the region, including all the successor polities.
- Battle of Issus (194), or Second Battle of Issus, between the forces of Emperor Septimius Severus and his rival, Pescennius Niger.
- Battle of Issus (622), or Third Battle of Issus, between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Persian Empire.
GS33197. Silver stater, SNGvA 5601 var. (ethnic spelling), gVF, Cilicia, Issos (near Dörtyol, Turkey) mint, weight 10.451g, maximum diameter 22.2mm, die axis 0o, 386 - 380 B.C.; obverse Ahura-Mazda, head right, body terminated by solar disk, holding wreath and lotus blossom; reverse Baal standing half-left, eagle in right, long scepter in left hand, IΣΣΕΩN (sic) left, Aramaic TRIBZW right; ex Künker auction 143, lot 233 (misattributed as SNG France 418, price realized 800 Euro), areas of porosity, well centered and struck on a particularly full flan for the type; very rare; SOLD
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