The Republic of Siena existed for over four hundred years, from the late 11th century until 1555. Siena prospered in the wool trade and as a major center of money lending. In the Italian War of 1551-1559, the republic was defeated by the rival Duchy of Florence in alliance with the Spanish crown. After 18 months of resistance, Siena surrendered to Spain on 17 April 1555, marking the end of the republic. | |