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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Italy||View Options:  |  |  |   

Coins of Italy
Normans, Kingdom of Sicily, Roger II, 1105 - 1154 A.D.

|Sicily|, |Normans,| |Kingdom| |of| |Sicily,| |Roger| |II,| |1105| |-| |1154| |A.D.||ducalis|
Roger II was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, became Duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1127, and then King of Sicily in 1130. Roger II is remembered for having united all of the Norman conquests in Italy under one strong central government. He was also the grandfather of Frederick II. This coin commemorates the investiture of the Duchy of Puglia granted by Pope Innocent II to King Roger's son in 1130. It was struck on the 10 year anniversary.
ME111215. Silver ducalis, MIR Sicily 432 (R), MEC Italy III 212-213, Spahr 72, Choice gVF, centered, light toning, weight 2.246 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 180o, Palermo mint, 1140 A.D.; obverse IC XC RG - IN AETRH (Jesus Christ, he reigns forever), bust of Christ facing, nimbus cruciger behind head, holding Gospels; reverse R DX AP (Rogerius Dux Apuliae, AP ligate) left, R R SLS (Rogerius Rex Siciliae) right, AN / R/X (Anno decimo del regno, AN ligate) low inner left, King Roger, on right, and his son Duke Roger stand facing holding a patriarchal cross between them, the king wears a Byzantine-style crown with pendilia, a jeweled garment, and holds a globus cruciger in his left hand, the Duke wears a military tunic and rests his right hand on the pommel of his sword; ex Numismatica Ranieri auction 17 (28 Oct 2022), lot 718; rare; SOLD


Byzantine Empire, Constantine V and Leo IV, 6 June 751 - 14 September 775 A.D., Struck by Pope Adriano

|Constantine| |V|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Constantine| |V| |and| |Leo| |IV,| |6| |June| |751| |-| |14| |September| |775| |A.D.,| |Struck| |by| |Pope| |Adriano||tremissis|
The trefoil ornaments and general stylistic considerations link this type with earlier electrum "solidii" and "tremisses." Tolstoi described his specimen of this type as silver, but Wroth identified the two in the British Museum as potin. Philip Grierson (DOC III-1 p. 297) says, the "earliest coins are of poor quality electrum, perhaps about eight carats fine. The later ones are of base silver, copper or potin, apparently with no gold content at all. Even if they were once gilded or plated it is difficult to see how they could have ever served an economic purpose."

In April 774 A.D., Pope Adrian I received Charlemagne in Rome. He did so as the effective ruler, if not yet the legal sovereign, of the city.
BZ93539. Billon or bronze tremissis, DOC III-1 p. 321 & pl. XI, 40 (not in the collection); Wroth BMC p. 388, 61 (Leo III & Constantine V); Tolstoi 108 (same); SBCV -; Sommer -, gVF, blue-green on black patina, coppery high points, small edge crack, small encrustations, weight 1.318 g, maximum diameter 14.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, struck under Pope Adriano, c. 772 - 775 A.D.; obverse DNO CONSTANT (Domino Constantine), facing bust of Constantine V, bearded, wearing crown with trefoil ornament, blundered combined chlamys and loros, and fibula with three pendants, globus cruciger in right hand, mappa in left hand; reverse DNO LEO P A MYL (Domino Leon Perpetuo Augusto Multos Annos [carried over from Leo III]), facing bust of Leo IV, beardless, wearing crown with trefoil ornament, blundered combined chlamys and loros, and fibula with three pendants, globus cruciger in right hand, mappa in left hand, I- (11, meaning uncertain) across field; from the Errett Bishop Collection.; rare; SOLD


Byzantine Empire, Leo III and Constantine V, 31 March 720 - 18 June 741 A.D., Senate of the City of Rome

|Constantine| |V|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Leo| |III| |and| |Constantine| |V,| |31| |March| |720| |-| |18| |June| |741| |A.D.,| |Senate| |of| |the| |City| |of| |Rome||30| |nummi|
The most current references identify these squared types as struck by the Senate of the City of Rome during the final stage of Byzantine rule, from the reign of Justinian II to Constantine V, c. 690 - 720. Portraits vary and are attributed to specific emperors during this period. Grierson specifically identifies this portrait as the young Constantine V, at the beginning of his joint rule with his father Leo III, c. 720 A.D. Grierson has commented, in view of the specimens found in the Byzantine-Papal hoard, that the low weight combined with a relatively high value suggests that the they may have been intended as a billon rather than a copper coinage. Murari confirmed this, noting traces of silver exist on many of the three-quarter folles he handled. Still this theory is very uncertain.
BZ98048. Billon 30 nummi, Murari 25a; DOC III p. 278 & pl. VI, 93 (not in the collection refs CNI); CNI XV, p. 60, 13; MIB III 31; SBCV 1534D; Wroth BMC -; Tolstoi -; Ratto -, gVF, a little rough, struck on a square flan and globus cruciger not visible as typical for this type, weight 0.469 g, maximum diameter 9.8 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, c. 720 A.D.; obverse facing beardless bust of very young Constantine V, wearing chlamys and crown decorated with a rows of pellets and cross; reverse XXX, ROm in exergue; very rare; SOLD


Normans in Calabria, Italy, Anonymous Issue, 1060 - 1080

|Italy|, |Normans| |in| |Calabria,| |Italy,| |Anonymous| |Issue,| |1060| |-| |1080||follaro|
ME55984. Bronze follaro, MEC Italy III 62, MIR 10 489 (R), CNI -, Biaggi -; imitative of Byzantine Anonymous Class C folles, aVF, soft strike, weight 6.336 g, maximum diameter 27.1 mm, die axis 180o, Calabria, uncertain mint, 1060 - 1080; obverse three-quarter length figure of Christ standing facing, wearing dotted nimbus cruciger, pallium and colobium, raising right in benediction, Gospels in left, IC - XC across fields, X lower left; reverse jeweled cross with pellet at each extremity, in the angles IC - XC / NI-KA (Jesus Christ Conquers); rare; SOLD


Milan, Italy, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke, 1395 - 1402

|Italy|, |Milan,| |Italy,| |Gian| |Galeazzo| |Visconti,| |Duke,| |1395| |-| |1402||pegione|
Gian Galeazzo Visconti, son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca of Savoy, was the first Duke of Milan and ruled the late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance.
ME47128. Silver pegione, Biaggi 1475, VF, light golden toning, weight 2.440 g, maximum diameter 24.5 mm, die axis 300o, Mediolanum (Milan, Italy) mint, undated; obverse + S . AMBROSIVS (AMB ligate) -. MEDIOLAN, St. Ambrose, nimbate, enthroned facing, cozier in left, flail in right, annulets in fields; reverse + GALEAZ . VICECONS . D . MEDIOLANI . I, Coiled serpent consuming human figure left, G | Z across fields, within quadrilobe frame, all within beaded inner circle; SOLD


Duchy of Milan, John Galeazzo, 1395 - 1402

|Italy|, |Duchy| |of| |Milan,| |John| |Galeazzo,| |1395| |-| |1402||grosso|
Saint Ambrose was was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. Western Christianity identified Ambrose as one of its four traditional Doctors of the Church. He is considered a saint by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, and various Lutheran denominations, and venerated as the patron saint of Milan and beekeepers.
ME113751. Silver grosso, CNI V  42, Biaggi 1477, Crippa 7, MIR Milano 119, aEF, tight flan, light toning, weight 2.385 g, maximum diameter 22.8 mm, die axis 0o, Milan mint, 1305 - 1402; obverse S. ABROSIV MEDIOLAN. (Saint Ambrose of Milan), Saint Ambrose enthroned facing, scourge in right hand, crozier (pastoral staff) in left hand; reverse .COMES.VIRTVTVM.D.MEDIOLANI.3C. (Count of Vertus, Duke of Milan), floriated cross surrounded by a quadrilobe in which each interior angle ends in a fleur-de-lis, the whole in a circle in grenetis; SOLD


Republic of Siena, 1351 - 1370

|Italy|, |Republic| |of| |Siena,| |1351| |-| |1370||quattrino|
The Republic of Siena existed for over four hundred years, from the late 11th century until 1555. Siena prospered in the wool trade and as a major center of money lending. In the Italian War of 1551-1559, the republic was defeated by the rival Duchy of Florence in alliance with the Spanish crown. After 18 months of resistance, Siena surrendered to Spain on 17 April 1555, marking the end of the republic.Italy 1494
ME65243. Silver quattrino, MIR Toscana 503 (R2), CNI XI 124, cf. Biaggi 2562 (R),, aF, internal flan crack, weight 0.655 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 45o, Siena mint, 1351 - 1370; obverse :+: SENA:VETVS (double annulets stops), large foliate S, pellet in center; reverse :+: ALFA:ED O (double annulets stops), trifoliate cross; rare; SOLD


Duchy of Milan, John Galeazzo, 1395 - 1402

|Italy|, |Duchy| |of| |Milan,| |John| |Galeazzo,| |1395| |-| |1402||grosso|
Saint Ambrose was was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. Western Christianity identified Ambrose as one of its four traditional Doctors of the Church. He is considered a saint by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, and various Lutheran denominations, and venerated as the patron saint of Milan and beekeepers.
ME113755. Silver grosso, CNI V  42, Biaggi 1477, Crippa 7, MIR Milano 119, aEF, tight flan, light toning, small edge splits, weight 2.398 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 0o, Milan mint, 1305 - 1402; obverse S. ABROSIV MEDIOLAN. (Saint Ambrose of Milan), Saint Ambrose enthroned facing, scourge in right hand, crozier (pastoral staff) in left hand; reverse .COMES.VIRTVTVM.D.MEDIOLANI.3C. (Count of Vertus, Duke of Milan), floriated cross surrounded by a quadrilobe in which each interior angle ends in a fleur-de-lis, the whole in a circle in grenetis; SOLD


Milan, Italy, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke, 1395 - 1402

|Italy|, |Milan,| |Italy,| |Gian| |Galeazzo| |Visconti,| |Duke,| |1395| |-| |1402||pegione|
Gian Galeazzo Visconti, son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca of Savoy, was the first Duke of Milan and ruled the late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance.
ME47127. Silver pegione, Biaggi 1475, VF, weight 2.374 g, maximum diameter 24.6 mm, die axis 315o, Mediolanum (Milan, Italy) mint, undated; obverse + S . AMBROSIVS (AMB ligate) -. MEDIOLAN, St. Ambrose, nimbate, enthroned facing, cozier in left, flail in right, annulets in fields; reverse + GALEAZ . VICECONS . D . MEDIOLANI . I, Coiled serpent consuming human figure left, G | Z across fields, within quadrilobe frame, all within beaded inner circle; SOLD


Norman Italy, Duchy of Apulia, William II, 1111 - 1127 A.D.

|Italy|, |Norman| |Italy,| |Duchy| |of| |Apulia,| |William| |II,| |1111| |-| |1127| |A.D.||reduced| |follaro|
The reverse type and undertype are both off-center, obscure and unusual. The normal reverse is a cross with V-V / D-X in the quarters, but on this coin it appears to read X in both the third and fourth quarter. The undertype is similar to the referenced examples, however the normal star has eight points and does not have pommée rays. We would assume it is a completely different type, except it does appear to have the usual X to the lower right and we are unable to suggest a better possibility.
ME66301. Bronze reduced follaro, cf. MEC Italy III 139 ff., MIR Sicily 591, Biaggi 2277; CNI XVIII 322.15; undertype: cf. MEC Italy III 146 ff., MIR Sicily 588, Biaggi 2278, F, overstruck, weight 1.178 g, maximum diameter 15.8 mm, die axis 180o, Salerno mint, 1119 - 1127; obverse nimbate bust of Saint Matthew facing, S - M across field; reverse cross, V-V / X-X in quarters (blundered V-V / D-X); undertype: six pointed star pommée, V - V / D(V?) - X in field; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Anastasi, M. Monete Bizantine di Sicilia. (NP, 2009).
Bellinger, A. & P. Grierson, eds. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. (1966 - 1999).
Berman, A. G. Papal Coins. (New York, 1991).
Bernardi, G. Monetazione del Patriarcato di Aquileia. (Triest, 1975).
Biaggi, E. Le antiche monete piemontesi. (Borgone di Susa, 1978).
Biaggi, E. Monete e Zecche medievali Italiane dal Sec. VIII al Sec. XV. (Turin, 1992).
Corpus Nummorum Italicorum. (Rome, 1910-1943).
Crippa, C. Le Monete di Milano, 1329-1892. (Milan, 1986, 1990, 1997). Cudazzo, S. Una Nuova Luce sulla Monetazione Sabauda. (Pavia, 2020).
Erslev, K. Medieval Coins in the Christian J. Thomsen Collection. (South Salem, NY, 1992).
Grierson, P. & L. Travaini. Medieval European Coinage, Volume 14: Italy III: South Italy, Sicily, Sardinia. (Cambridge, 1998).
Hahn, W. Moneta Imperii Byzantini. (Vienna, 1973-81).
Levinson, R. The early dated coins of Europe 1234-1500. (Williston, VT, 2007).
Lunardi, G. Le Monete della Repubblica di Genova. (Genoa, 1975).
Metlich, M. The Coinage of Ostrogothic Italy. (London, 2004).
Monete Italiane Regionali. (Pavia, 1996 - present).
Negrini, R. & A. Varesi. La Monetazione di Milano (dal 756 al 1802). (Milan, 1991).
Pannuti, M & V. Ricco. Le monete de Napoli. Nummorum Auctiones S.A., Lugano. (Naples, 1984).
Schlumberger, G. Numismatique de l'Orient Latin. (1878; Supplement 1882; reprinted: Graz, 1954).
Sear, D. Byzantine Coins and Their Values. (London, 1987).
Simonetti, L. Monete Italiane Medioevali e Moderne. Volume I. Casa Savoia. (Ravenna, 1967-1969).
Spahr, R. Le Monete Siciliane, dai Bizantini a Carlo I d' Angio (582 - 1282). (Graz, 1976).
Spahr, R. Le Monete Siciliane, dagli Aragonesi ai Borboni (1282 – 1836). (Basel/Graz, 1982).
Travaini, L. "Hohenstaufen and Angevin denari of Sicily and Southern Italy: their mint attributions" in NC 1993.
Wroth, W. Catalogue of the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths, Lombards and of the Empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea, and Trebizond in the British Museum. (London, 1911).

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