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Mars was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian. He was the father of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In early Rome, he was second in importance only to Jupiter, and the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began and ended the season for military campaigning and farming.RS113131. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 321 (R), RSC II 1073, BMCRE III 114, Strack II 95, SRCV II 3516, Hunter II 61 var. (no drapery), Choice VF, full legends, flow lines, light scratches, die wear, tiny edge cracks, weight 3.289 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 121 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate bust right, bare chest ("heroic bust"), drapery on far shoulder; reverse P M TR P COS III (Pontifex Maximus, Tribunitia Potestas, Consul Tertium - High priest, holder of tribunitian power, consul for the 3rd time), Mars advancing right, nude but for crested helmet and cloak tied in belt at waist and flying behind, transverse spear in right hand, trophy of captured arms over left shoulder in left hand; rare;
Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.
Fortuna Redux, one of the many aspects of Fortuna, was in charge of bringing people home safely, primarily from wars - redux means "coming back" or "returning." She may be one of the later aspects of Fortuna, as the earliest mention of her is on an altar dedicated by the Senate in 19 B.C. for the safe return of Emperor Augustus.RS113132. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 114, RSC II 745, BMCRE III 69, Strack II 35, Hunter II 27 var. (drapery on both shoulders), SRCV II 3493 var. (aegis on left shoulder), Choice VF, centered, radiating flow lines, light toning, weight 3.385 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 118 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate bust right, bare chest ("heroic bust"), drapery on left shoulder; reverse P M TR P COS II (Pontifex Maximus, Tribunicia Potestate, Consul II), Fortuna seated left on low seat without back, holding rudder by tiller in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, FORT RED in exergue; $160.00 (€150.40)
Trajan, 25 January 98 - 8 or 9 August 117 A.D.
Virtus to the ancient Romans included valor, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths (from Latin vir, "man"). Curiously, despite the masculine characteristics of virtus, the personification or deity Virtus was usually depicted as a female warrior, in armor holding a spear, parazonium, victory or a shield. Virtus and Mars can usually be distinguished since Mars is usually shown nude and Virtus is always shown clothed.RS113133. Silver denarius, Woytek 417b, BMCRE III 444, RIC II 289, RSC II 402f, Strack I 193, Hunter II - (p. xxxix), SRCV II -, BnF IV -, VF, well centered, flow lines, rough areas, scratches, small edge crack, weight 3.468 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, 112 - 114 A.D.; obverse IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P COS VI P P, laureate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Virtus standing right, wearing helmet and military garb, inverted spear in right hand, parazonium in left hand, left foot on helmet; first example of this type handled by FORVM; scarce;
Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.
Spes was the Roman personification of Hope. In art Spes is normally depicted carrying flowers or a cornucopia, but on coins she is almost invariably depicted holding a flower in her extended right hand, and raising a fold of her dress with her left hand. She was also named "ultima dea" - for Hope is the last resort of men.RS113127. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 714, RSC II 390, BMCRE III 417, Hunter II 143, Strack II 177, SRCV II 3479, gVF, excellent portrait, flow lines, scratches, rev. die wear, small edge crack, weight 3.243 g, maximum diameter 18.0 mm, die axis 210o, Rome mint, 125 - 128 A.D.; obverse HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, laureate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse COS III, Spes standing left, raising flower in right hand, lifting fold of drapery with left hand;
Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.
Fortuna Redux, one of the many aspects of Fortuna, was in charge of bringing people home safely, primarily from wars - redux means "coming back" or "returning." She may be one of the later aspects of Fortuna, as the earliest mention of her is on an altar dedicated by the Senate in 19 B.C. for the safe return of Emperor Augustus.RS113128. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 114, RSC II 745, BMCRE III 69, Strack II 35, SRCV II 3493, Hunter II 27 var. (drapery on both shoulders), VF, nice portrait, flow lines, scratches, tight flan, die wear, weight 3.262 g, maximum diameter 17.5 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, 118 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate bust right, bare chest ('heroic bust"), drapery or aegis on far shoulder; reverse P M TR P COS II, Fortuna seated left on low seat without back, holding rudder by tiller in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, FORT RED in exergue;
St. Helena, Augusta, 8 November 324 - c. 330 A.D., Mother of Constantine the Great
In 326 A.D., Constantine I reorganized the Roman army in smaller units classified into three grades: palatini, (imperial escort armies); comitatenses, (forces based in frontier provinces) and limitanei (auxilia border troops).RL112886. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Heraclea p. 551, 79 (S); LRBC I 873; SRCV IV 16613; Cohen VII 12; Hunter V -, Choice aVF, centered, green patina, weight 2.355 g, maximum diameter 20.7 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 325 - 326 A.D.; obverse FL HELENA AVGVSTA, diademed and draped bust right; reverse SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE (security of the Republic), Securitas standing half left, veiled head left, branch downward in right hand, raising pallium with left hand, SMHB in exergue;
St. Helena, Augusta, 8 November 324 - c. 330 A.D., Mother of Constantine the Great
RIC extends the date of this last 'Providentiae' emission into 330. However, it is very likely that there was a break of at least a year between the 'PROVIDENTIAE' and 'GLORIA' emissions in every mint. Moreover, Helena passed away in late 328 or early 329, and there is no indication that these coins for her are posthumous (the star is part of the mint mark). Ramskold would date this emission to no later than early 329.RL113346. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Heraclea p. 551, 110 (R3); LRBC I 873; SRCV IV 16613; Cohen VII 12; Hunter V -, VF, centered, some silvering, flow lines, scratches, porosity, weight 2.612 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 329 - 330 A.D.; obverse FL HELENA AVGVSTA, diademed and draped bust right; reverse SECVRITAS REI PVBLICE, Securitas standing slightly, veiled head left, branch in right hand, star right, SMHE in exergue; ex Leu 42 (12 Jul 2023), lot 5342; ex Dr. L. Ramskold Collection (formed since 1969); very rare; $110.00 (€103.40)
Crispus, Caesar, 1 March 317 - 326 A.D.
In 320, Crispus, the eldest son of Constantine I, led a victorious campaign against the Franks, assuring twenty years of peace along the Rhine frontier. He established his residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), the capital of Germania.RL113301. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Thessalonica p. 512, 121; SRCV IV 16774; Cohen VII 47; Hunter V 69, VF, dark patina, weight 2.827 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 135o, 4th officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 320 - 321 A.D.; obverse FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left; reverse CAESARVM NOSTRORVM (our prince), VOT / X in two lines with wreath, wreath tied at the bottom and closed at the top with a star, TSΔVI in exergue;
Crispus, Caesar, 1 March 317 - 326 A.D.
In 326, Constantine ordered the execution of his son, Crispus Caesar. Constantine's second wife and Crispus' stepmother, Fausta, accused Crispus of attempting to seduce her. After learning Fausta lied to eliminate Crispus as a rival to her own sons, Constantine had Fausta suffocated in a hot bath.SL113479. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Ticinum p. 381, 170 (R1); LRBC I 482; SRCV V 16785; Cohen VII 67; Hunter V -, NGC VF, strike 5/5, surface 1/5 (2775400-001), weight 2.77 g, maximum diameter 18 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Ticinum (Pavia, Italy) mint, 324 - 325 A.D.; obverse CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate and cuirassed bust right; reverse DOMINOR NOSTROR CAESS (our two lord princes), VOT / X in two lines, crescent below X, all within wreath, tied at the bottom and decorated with a jewel at the top, PT in exergue; from a Virginia Collector; NGC| Lookup;
Crispus, Caesar, 1 March 317 - 326 A.D.
In 321, Constantine expelled the Goths from the Danube frontier and repaired Trajan's Bridge. He lead an expedition into the old province Dacia (modern Romania) and made peace with the barbarians.RL113783. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Aquileia p. 404, 89 (R1); Hunter V p. 230, 55; Cohen VII p. 342, 31; SRCV IV 16749, Choice VF, centered, dark patina, light deposits, weight 2.775 g, maximum diameter 18.6 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Aquileia mint, 321 A.D.; obverse CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate and cuirassed bust right; reverse CAESARVM NOSTRORVM (our prince), VOT / V in two lines within wreath, center dot, wreath tied at the bottom and closed with a jewel at the top, •AQS• in exergue; rare;
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