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France, John II the Good, 1319 - 1364
When John II the Good (French: Jean le Bon) came to power, France faced many disasters: the Black Death killed nearly half its population, there were popular revolts, unemployed mercenaries plundered the country, and losses to the English, including the Battle of Poitiers of 1356, in which John was captured. While John was a prisoner in London, his son Charles had to suppress several rebellions. To liberate his father, in 1360 Charles concluded the Treaty of Brétigny, by which France surrendered territory and promised to pay an enormous ransom. In an exchange of hostages, including his son Louis, John was released from captivity to raise funds for his ransom. Upon his return in France, he created the franc to stabilize the currency. John tried to get rid of the mercenaries by sending them on a crusade, but Pope Innocent VI died shortly before their planned meeting in Avignon. After his son Louis escaped from captivity, John shocked and dismayed his people by announcing that for "good faith and honor" he would voluntarily return to captivity in England. John was greeted in London in 1364 with parades and feasts, however, a few months after his arrival he fell ill with an unknown malady and died. His body was returned to France, where he was interred in the royal chambers at Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son Charles V.ME87716. Silver Blanc aux quadrilobes, Duplessy 299, Ciani 376, Lafaurie 302, Roberts 2611, gVF, toned, crowded flan, much of outer legend weak/off flan, edge splits, reverse die crack, weight 3.049g, maximum diameter 28.8mm, die axis 315o, 1st emission, authorized 31 Oct 1354; obverse FRANC in center between horizontal lines, both above and below crown flanked on each side by lis, border of 12 lis in arches; reverse outer legend: + BNDICTV: SIT: nOmE: DNI: nRI: DEI: IhV. XPI (the name of our Lord Jesus Christ be blessed, triple pellet stops), inner legend: + IOhAnnES * REX (King Philip, quatrefoil stop); cross potent, quatrefoil in second and third quadrants; ex Gordon Andreas Singer; rare; SOLD
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