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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Hungary||View Options:  |  |  |   

Coins of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary emerged in 1000 when the Principality of Hungary, founded in 896, was recognized as a Kingdom. The form of government was changed from Monarchy to Republic briefly in 1918 and again in 1946, ending the Kingdom and creating the Republic of Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary consisted of present-day Hungary, Transylvania (in present-day Romania), Slovakia, Carpatho Ruthenia (in present-day Ukraine), Vojvodina (in present-day Serbia), Burgenland (in present-day Austria), Slavonia, Dalmatia (present day Croatia), and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders. Attila was regarded as an ancestral ruler of the Hungarians, however, this claim is rejected by most scholars today. The first kings of the Kingdom were from the Árpád dynasty and the first Christian King was Stephen I of Hungary who was canonized as a Catholic saint.

Kingdom of Hungary, 14th Century

|Hungary|, |Kingdom| |of| |Hungary,| |14th| |Century||banovac| |(baski| |denar)|
Under the common King of Hungary and Croatia, Croatia had a degree of independence and the ban (a title similar to viceroy) was entitled to mint coinage. The Croatian banovac, with an inscription ending SCLAVONIA, was struck in large quantities from 1235 to 1384 and grew to overshadow the main Hungarian issues. This very rare "Hungarian banovac" with an inscription ending VNGARIA was part of an attempt to revitalize the main currency of the Kingdom.
ME50464. Silver banovac (baski denar), VF/F, weight 0.579 g, maximum diameter 15.0 mm, die axis 180o, obverse + MOnETA REGIS P VnGARIA, marten left, six pointed stars above and below; reverse patriarchal cross, star - crescent flanking in upper fields, confronted crowned heads flanking in lower fields; very rare; SOLD


Holy Roman Empire, Frederick II, 1215 - 1250

|Hungary|, |Holy| |Roman| |Empire,| |Frederick| |II,| |1215| |-| |1250||pfennig|
Cheb (German: Eger), is a city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic, with about 33,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the river Ohře (also called Eger in German), at the foot of one of the spurs of the Smrčiny and near the border with Germany. Prior to 1945, which saw the expulsion of the German speaking population, the town was the center of the German-speaking region known as Egerland, and was part of the Northern Austro-Bavarian dialect area.
SH59140. Silver pfennig, Haskova 43, Buchenau 3239, Bonhoff 2034, VF, weight 0.687 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 270o, Cheb mint, obverse crowned bust facing, lis topped scepter in each hand, annulets in fields; reverse two confronted crowned lions, heads turned facing, facing eagle with open wings and head right below; ex Numismatik Lanz auction 136 (2007), lot 6; rare; SOLD


Hungary, Bela III, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196

|Hungary|, |Hungary,| |Bela| |III,| |1172| |-| |23| |Apr| |1196||scyphate| |follaro|
Béla III, the second son of King Géza II, was brought up at the Byzantine court. His uncle, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I, designated him as his successor until the birth of his own son. Following the death of his elder brother, who had been fighting against the Byzantine Empire, Béla could only ascend to the throne with the assistance of his uncle Manuel I and Pope Alexander III. A significant part of the Hungarian aristocracy led by his own mother and the Archbishop of Esztergom preferred his younger brother's succession. Béla was one of the most powerful rulers of Hungary and he was also one of the wealthiest monarchs of Europe of his age: his annual revenue was the equivalent of 23 tonnes of pure silver. This exceeded the income of the French king (estimated at 17 tonnes) and was double the receipts of the English Crown.
ME113524. Bronze scyphate follaro, Huszár 72, Unger 114, Choice EF, weight 2.772 g, maximum diameter 26.1 mm, die axis 0o, Esztergom mint, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196; obverse SANCTA mARTIA, Virgin Mary seated facing, scepter in right hand, infant Christ in left arm; reverse REX BELA REX SCS, Bela III and Steven III enthroned facing, each holding sceptre and globus cruciger; at bottom, III within border; SOLD


Hungary, Stephan V, 1270 - 1272

|Hungary|, |Hungary,| |Stephan| |V,| |1270| |-| |1272||denar|
Stephen V was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260. He was the oldest son of King Béla IV and Maria Laskarina. King Béla had his son crowned king at the age of six and appointed him Duke of Slavonia.
ME92050. Silver denar, Frynas H.19.11, Huszár 355, Réthy 297, Unger 268, VF, toned, weight 0.464 g, maximum diameter 12.1 mm, die axis 270o, obverse + MONETA•VNGARIE, cross pattée, pellet in annulet in each quarter; reverse sphinx walking right, sword in right hand, shield in left hand; ex Münzenhandlung Brom (Berlin); SOLD


Kingdom of Hungary, Béla IV, 1235 - 1270 A.D.

|Hungary|, |Kingdom| |of| |Hungary,| |Béla| |IV,| |1235| |-| |1270| |A.D.||obulus|
The Mongols invaded Hungary and annihilated Béla's army in the Battle of Mohi on 11 April 1241. He escaped, but a Mongol detachment chased him from town to town as far as Trogir on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. The Mongols devastated the country before their unexpected withdrawal in March 1242. Béla introduced radical reforms to prepare for a second Mongol invasion. He allowed the barons and bishops to erect stone fortresses and have private armed forces. He promoted the development of fortified towns. Thousands of colonists arrived from the Holy Roman Empire, Poland and other neighboring regions to settle in the depopulated lands. Béla's efforts to rebuild his devastated country won him the epithet "second founder of the state."
ME92190. Silver obulus, Huszár 307, Réthy 242, VF, toned, weight 0.218 g, maximum diameter 8.8 mm, die axis 0o, obverse tower with gate between two fleur-de-lis, arch below, dot border; reverse Hebrew letter chet within floral ornament, dot border; SOLD


Hungary, Bela III, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196

|Hungary|, |Hungary,| |Bela| |III,| |1172| |-| |23| |Apr| |1196||follaro|
Béla III, the second son of King Géza II, was brought up at the Byzantine court. His uncle, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I, designated him as his successor until the birth of his own son. Following the death of his elder brother, who had been fighting against the Byzantine Empire, Béla could only ascend to the throne with the assistance of his uncle Manuel I and Pope Alexander III. A significant part of the Hungarian aristocracy led by his own mother and the Archbishop of Esztergom preferred his younger brother's succession. Béla was one of the most powerful rulers of Hungary and he was also one of the wealthiest monarchs of Europe of his age: his annual revenue was the equivalent of 23 tonnes of pure silver. This exceeded the income of the French king (estimated at 17 tonnes) and was double the receipts of the English Crown.
ME113525. Bronze follaro, Huszár 72, Unger 114, Choice aEF, flat not scyphate, excellent centering, green patina, slight flan bend, weight 2.363 g, maximum diameter 26.7 mm, die axis 315o, Esztergom mint, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196; obverse SANCTA mARTIA, Virgin Mary seated facing, scepter in right hand, infant Christ in left arm; reverse REX BELA REX SCS, Bela III and Steven III enthroned facing, each holding sceptre and globus cruciger; at bottom, III within border; SOLD


Hungary, Bela III, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196

|Hungary|, |Hungary,| |Bela| |III,| |1172| |-| |23| |Apr| |1196||follaro|
Béla III, the second son of King Géza II, was brought up at the Byzantine court. His uncle, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I, designated him as his successor until the birth of his own son. Following the death of his elder brother, who had been fighting against the Byzantine Empire, Béla could only ascend to the throne with the assistance of his uncle Manuel I and Pope Alexander III. A significant part of the Hungarian aristocracy led by his own mother and the Archbishop of Esztergom preferred his younger brother's succession. Béla was one of the most powerful rulers of Hungary and he was also one of the wealthiest monarchs of Europe of his age: his annual revenue was the equivalent of 23 tonnes of pure silver. This exceeded the income of the French king (estimated at 17 tonnes) and was double the receipts of the English Crown.
ME113821. Bronze follaro, Huszár 72, Unger 114, Choice gVF, slightly wavy flan, weight 2.846 g, maximum diameter 26.9 mm, die axis 45o, Esztergom mint, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196; obverse SANCTA mARTIA, Virgin Mary seated facing, scepter in right hand, infant Christ in left arm; reverse REX BELA REX SCS, Bela III and Steven III enthroned facing, each holding sceptre and globus cruciger; at bottom, III within border; SOLD


Hungary, Ferdinand I, 1526 - 1564

|Hungary|, |Hungary,| |Ferdinand| |I,| |1526| |-| |1564||denar|
In 1526 Louis II met Suleiman the Magnificent in the famous Battle of Mohács. The Turks won and during retreat the Hungarian king was drowned in a river by his heavy armor. The battle put an end to independent Hungary; what remained clear of Ottomans was ruled by the Habsburgs, starting with Ferdinand I.
ME35541. Silver denar, Huszár 935, EF, Kremnitz mint, 1539; obverse FERDINAND•D•G•R•VNG•1539•, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms: Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion; reverse PATRONA •(rosette) • VNGARIE, crowned Madonna with infant Jesus in her right arm, K-B (privy mark) divided across field; SOLD


Hungary, Bela III, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196

|Hungary|, |Hungary,| |Bela| |III,| |1172| |-| |23| |Apr| |1196||follaro|
Béla III, the second son of King Géza II, was brought up at the Byzantine court. His uncle, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I, designated him as his successor until the birth of his own son. Following the death of his elder brother, who had been fighting against the Byzantine Empire, Béla could only ascend to the throne with the assistance of his uncle Manuel I and Pope Alexander III. A significant part of the Hungarian aristocracy led by his own mother and the Archbishop of Esztergom preferred his younger brother's succession. Béla was one of the most powerful rulers of Hungary and he was also one of the wealthiest monarchs of Europe of his age: his annual revenue was the equivalent of 23 tonnes of pure silver. This exceeded the income of the French king (estimated at 17 tonnes) and was double the receipts of the English Crown.
ME56308. Bronze follaro, Huszár 72, Unger 114, aEF, weight 2.476 g, maximum diameter 26.9 mm, die axis 180o, Esztergom mint, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196; obverse SANCTA mARTIA, Virgin Mary seated facing, scepter in right hand, infant Christ in left arm; reverse REX BELA REX SCS, Bela III and Steven III enthroned facing, each holding sceptre and globus cruciger; at bottom, III within border; SOLD


Hungary, Bela III, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196

|Hungary|, |Hungary,| |Bela| |III,| |1172| |-| |23| |Apr| |1196||scyphate| |follaro|
Béla III, the second son of King Géza II, was brought up at the Byzantine court. His uncle, the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I, designated him as his successor until the birth of his own son. Following the death of his elder brother, who had been fighting against the Byzantine Empire, Béla could only ascend to the throne with the assistance of his uncle Manuel I and Pope Alexander III. A significant part of the Hungarian aristocracy led by his own mother and the Archbishop of Esztergom preferred his younger brother's succession. Béla was one of the most powerful rulers of Hungary and he was also one of the wealthiest monarchs of Europe of his age: his annual revenue was the equivalent of 23 tonnes of pure silver. This exceeded the income of the French king (estimated at 17 tonnes) and was double the receipts of the English Crown.
ME56309. Bronze scyphate follaro, Huszár 72, Unger 114, aEF, scyphate, weight 3.884 g, maximum diameter 26.4 mm, die axis 180o, Esztergom mint, 1172 - 23 Apr 1196; obverse SANCTA mARTIA, Virgin Mary seated facing, scepter in right hand, infant Christ in left arm; reverse REX BELA REX SCS, Bela III and Steven III enthroned facing, each holding sceptre and globus cruciger; at bottom, III within border; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Adamovszky, I. Magyar érme katalógus 997-1307. (Budapest, 2011).
Buchenau, H. "Die Münzen der Propstei Wildeshausen" in ZfN 15 (1887), p. 262-280.
Dr. Busso Peus Nachf Auctions. Sammlung Dr. F. Bonhoff, auction 293, Frankfurt, 27 Oct 1977.
Frey, A. The Dated European Coinage prior to 1501. (New York, 1915).
Friedberg, A. & I. Friedberg. Gold Coins of the World, From Ancient Times to the Present, 8th ed. (Clifton, NJ, 2009).
Frynas, J. Medieval Coins of Bohemia, Hungary and Poland. (London, 2015).
Haskova, J. Chebské mince z 12. a 13. století. (Cheb, 1972).
Huszár, L. Münzcatalog Ungarn. (Munich, 1979).
Levinson, R. The early dated coins of Europe 1234-1500. (Williston, VT, 2007).
Peus, B. Sammlung Dr. F. Bonhoff, auction 293, Frankfurt, 27 October 1977.
Pohl, A. Die Grenzland-Prägung, Münzprägung in Österreich und Ungarn im 15. Jahrhundert. (Graz, 1972).
Pohl, A. Münzzeichen und Meisterzeichen auf ungarischen Münzen des Mittelalters 1300-1540. (Budapest, 1982).
Pohl, A. Ungarische Goldgulden des Mittelalters (1325-1540). (Graz, 1974).
Rengjeo, I. Corpus der mittelalterlichen Münzen von Kroatien, Slavonien, Dalmatien und Bosnien. (Graz, 1959).
Réthy, L. Egyetemes Magyar Éremtár, I-II kötet. (Budapest, 1899-1907).
Unger, E. Magyar éremhatározó. (Budapest, 1997).
Voglhuber, R. Taler und Schautaler des Erzhauses Habsburg 1484 - 1896. (Frankfurt/Main, 1971).

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