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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Judean & Biblical Coins| ▸ |Biblical Coins| ▸ |Travels of Saint Paul||View Options:   | | | St. Paul's various journeys, occurring from about 35 A.D. to around 67 A.D., took him through a wide array of cities in regions of Syria and Asia Minor. During these journeys his life was affected by major political figures such as Aretas IV, King of the Nabataeans (9 B.C. - 40 A.D.) (2 Cor 11:32); Roman Emperors like Nero (54 - 68 A.D.) (Acts 26:32); the Roman Procurators Antonius Felix (52 - 60 A.D.) (Acts 24:24) and Porcius Festus (59 - 62 A.D) (Acts 24:27) the Herodian rulers Agrippa I (37 - 44 A.D.) and Agrippa II (55 - 95 A.D.) (Acts 25:13); and pagan deities such as Diana (Artemis) of Ephesus (Acts 19:28). See the bottom of this page for a chart of the cities Paul visited. Click on Travels of Paul to see a map and read an article about Paul's journeys. |
Caesarea, about 30 miles north of Joppa and about 70 miles northwest of Jerusalem, was founded by Herod the Great and named for Caesar Augustus. It was the seat of the Roman procurators and the Roman military headquarters in Judaea. The Pilate Stone, discovered here in 1961, is only archaeological find that names Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D., Caesarea was the provincial capital of the Judaea Province. Well into Byzantine times, Caesarea remained the capital. In the 630s, Arab Muslim armies took the region, but kept Caesarea as its administrative center until early 8th century. Caesarea's ruins are a national park on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, about halfway between Tel Aviv and Haifa.RP111787. Bronze AE 21, RPC Online II 2231 (11 spec.); Kadman Caesarea 20; Rosenberger 18; Sofaer 19; BMC Palestine p. 16, 36, VF, brown-green surfaces, light earthen deposits, weight 9.036 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, die axis 0o, Caesarea Maritima (Keisaria, Israel) mint, obverse IMP DOMITIANVS CAESAR DIVI F AVG, laureate head right; reverse COL I FLA - AVG CAES (clockwise from upper right), Tyche standing slightly left, head left, wearing turreted crown, right foot on prow, human bust in right hand, cross-headed standard in left hand; ex Triton XXV (11 Jan 2022), lot 6497; ex Dr. Jay M. Galst Collection; ex IML (July 2006); this is the first specimen of this type handled by FORVM; $200.00 (€184.00)
Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II, 70 - 106 A.D.
Rabbel II was the last Nabataean king. A child when he became king, his mother, Shuqailat, ruled in the early years. He was given the title, "He who gives life and salvation to his people," perhaps for subjugating Arab tribes. Upon his death, Trajan annexed the kingdom. On 22 March 106, Nabataea was incorporated into the new province of Arabia Petraea, with Bosra as its capital. The date on this coin is off flan, but the style matches coins struck from 88 - 92 A.D.GS110743. Billon drachm, cf. Al-Qatanani 238 - 240 (yrs. 20 - 21); Meshorer Nabataean 153 (yr. 21); Barkay CN 231 - 233 (yrs. 19 - 21); BMC Arabia p. 12, 1 (date off flan), VF, toned, tight flan cutting off most of legends, weight 3.316 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 88 - 91 A.D.; obverse Nabataean legend, "Rabbel the king, of the Nabataeans, year [19 - 21?]" (date off flan), laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV with long hair right; reverse Nabataean legend, "Gamilath, his sister, queen of the Nabataeans", veiled bust of Gamilath right; $190.00 (€174.80)
Trajan Decius, September 249 - June or July 251 A.D., Caesarea Maritima, Samaria, Syria Palestina
Caesarea, about 30 miles north of Joppa and about 70 miles northwest of Jerusalem, was founded by Herod the Great and named for Caesar Augustus. It was the seat of the Roman procurators and the Roman military headquarters in Judaea. The Pilate Stone, discovered here in 1961, is only archaeological find that names Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D., Caesarea was the provincial capital of the Judaea Province. Well into Byzantine times, Caesarea remained the capital. In the 630s, Arab Muslim armies took the region, but kept Caesarea as its administrative center until early 8th century. Caesarea's ruins are a national park on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, about halfway between Tel Aviv and Haifa.RP111757. Bronze AE 27, Kadman II 135; RPC Online IX 2064; SNG ANS 832, Sofaer 114; Rosenberger 121; BMC Palestine p. 31, 145; Lindgren I 2424, aF, dark patina, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 18.501 g, maximum diameter 27.2 mm, die axis 180o, Caesarea Maritima (Keisaria, Israel) mint, 249 - 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C C M Q TRA DECIVS AVG (Imperator Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front; reverse COL PR F AVG F C CAES METRO P (or similar), Poseidon standing left, right foot on rock, dolphin in right hand, trident vertical behind in left hand; ex CNG e-auction 510 (23 Feb 2022), lot 598; ex Dr. Jay M. Galst Collection; ex Coin Galleries (14 Apr 1999), lot 355; ex Edward Janis Collection; $110.00 (€101.20)
Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C. This type was issued in the names of Aretas IV and his daughter Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.GB94765. Bronze AE 13, Al-Qatanani 178; Barkay CN 118b; Al-Qatanani 178; Meshorer Nabataean 64; Huth 82; BMC Arabia p. 10, 35; SNG ANS 6 -, F, dark green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 1.812 g, maximum diameter 13.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 4 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right, Nabataean H (het) left, o (ayin) right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Nabataean PS (peh sade) monogram (Phasael, Aretas' son) in center; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarce; $90.00 (€82.80)
Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C. This type was issued in the names of Aretas IV and his daughter Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.GB94971. Bronze AE 13, Al-Qatanani 178t1; Barkay CN 118a; Huth 82; Meshorer Nabataean 64; BMC Arabia p. 10, 35; SNG ANS 6 -, F, heavy earthen deposits, tight flan, reverse off center, weight 2.604 g, maximum diameter 13.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 4 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right, 2 pomegranates hanging down, Nabataean H (het) left, o (ayin) right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, two pomegranates dangling from tops above center, Nabataean PS (peh sade) monogram (Phasael, Aretas' son) in center; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarce; $80.00 (€73.60)
Nabataean Kingdom, Malichus II and Shuqailat II, 40 - 70 A.D.
In Malichus' time, Nabataean trade dwindled as the Romans diverted the perfume and spice cargos to Egypt. In 67 A.D. Malichus II sent an army of 5,000 horsemen and 1,000 soldiers to help Titus quash the Jewish revolt.GB94786. Bronze AE 17, Al-Qatanani 217; Barkay CN 212; Meshorer Nabataean 140A; Huth 92; SNG ANS 6 1444; BMC Arabia p. 11, 4, gVF, black patina, highlighting earthen deposits, flan squared by sprue cuts, flan adjustment marks, weight 3.252 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 40 - 70 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate and draped bust of Malichus II and Shuqailat II right; reverse two cornucopias, crossed and filleted, Nabataean legend, "Malichus / Shuqailat" in two lines above and one below the cornucopias; from the Ray Nouri Collection; $50.00 (€46.00)
Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II, 70 - 106 A.D.
Rabbel II was the last Nabataean king, ruling 70/71 to 106 A.D. Rabbel II is not mentioned in historical sources; we know him only from inscriptions and his coins. An inscription identifies Rabbel as the son of Malichus, who was the son of Aretas; it also identifies Gamilat and Hagaru as daughters of Malichus, thus sisters of Rabbel. From coinage, we know that when he was crowned, Rabbel II was too young to rule and his mother, Shuqailat II, ruled as regent for six years. Rabbel's two sisters also appear on his coins confirming Rabbel married his own sisters and made them queens, a Nabataean royal tradition. After Rabbel II's death in 106, Trajan made the Nabataean Kingdom part of the Roman province Arabia Petraea.GB94752. Bronze AE 16, Barkay CN 235; Al-Qatanani 245; Meshorer Nabataean 163; Huth 99; SNG ANS 6 1446; Schmitt-Korte II 86; BMC Arabia p. 13, 3, VF, dark green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 2.694 g, maximum diameter 15.5 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 88/89 - 106 A.D.; obverse jugate laureate busts of Rabbel II and Gamilat, Rabbel II has long hair and a V shaped ornament over his forehead at the center of his laurel wreath; reverse two crossed cornucopias, Nabataean legend "Rabbel / Gamilat" in two lines between the horns; from the Ray Nouri Collection; $40.00 (€36.80)
Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.
Aretas IV Philopatris was the greatest Nabataean king, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. During his reign, large religious centers - also serving as banks and trade clearinghouses - were established on the Hauran, in Petra, and at Avdat. Aretas was married to Huldu when he became king. Her profile was featured on coins until 16 A.D. After a short gap, the face of his second wife, Shuqailat, appeared on the coins. Aretas's daughter married Herod Antipas, tetrarch of the Galilee. When Antipas took another wife, Herodias, Aretas's daughter returned to her father, who went to war against Antipas and defeated him. The episode led to the beheading of John the Baptist. Antipas appealed to Tiberius, who dispatched the governor of Syria to attack Aretas. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus when he had to to be lowered from the wall in a basket to escape. Al-Khazneh, the treasury, one of the most elaborate buildings in Petra, is believed to have been Aretas' mausoleum.GB94754. Bronze AE 14, Al-Qatanani 149; Barkay CN 150i; Meshorer Nabataean 73A; Huth 78; BMC Arabia p. 10, 34; Schmitt-Korte II 44; Lindgren 2522, F, dark green patina, earthen encrustation, weight 2.038 g, maximum diameter 13.7 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 8/7 B.C. - 15/16 A.D.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right; reverse two crossed and filleted cornucopias, Nabataean letter O (ayin) between the horns, Nabataean H (het) lower left and right; from the Ray Nouri Collection; $32.00 (€29.44)
Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.
The Nabataean letters on the reverse are read from right to left, het ros, naming Aretas. On much of Aretas' coinage he uses only het (similar to a Latin H) or a ligate het-ros monogram. On this variant the two letters are separate and clear.GB94974. Bronze AE 14, Barkay CN 150d; Al-Qatanani 154; Meshorer Nabataean 67; BMC Arabia p. 9, 27; Huth -; SNG ANS 6 -, VF, green patina, earthen deposits, large encrustation on obv., irregular flan shape, weight 0.866 g, maximum diameter 13.7 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 4 - 3 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right, O in right field; reverse two crossed cornucopias, Nabataean heth ros (Aretas) between the horns; from the Ray Nouri Collection; $30.00 (€27.60)
Nabataean Kingdom, Rabbel II, 70 - 106 A.D.
| At the end of the narrow gorge, the Siq, stands Petra's most elaborate ruin, popularly known as Al-Khazneh ("the Treasury"), hewn into the sandstone cliff. While remaining in remarkably preserved condition, the face of the structure is marked by hundreds of bullet holes made by the local Bedouin tribes that hoped to dislodge riches that were once rumored to be hidden within it. A little farther from the Treasury, at the foot of the mountain called en-Nejr, is a massive theater, positioned so as to bring the greatest number of tombs within view. At the point where the valley opens out into the plain, the site of the city is revealed with striking effect. The theater was cut into the hillside and into several of the tombs during its construction. Rectangular gaps in the seating are still visible. Almost enclosing it on three sides are rose-colored mountain walls, divided into groups by deep fissures and lined with knobs cut from the rock in the form of towers. |  |
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