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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Roman Provincial| ▸ |Pseudo-Autonomous||View Options:  |  |  |   

Pseudo-Autonomous Roman Provincial Coins

Pseudo-autonomous (or quasi-autonomous) coins are coins struck under the Roman rule by cities or provinces for local use, which do not bear the emperor's portrait or titles - usually replacing them with a god, a famous local citizen (e.g. - Homer), or personifications of the Senate or the people, etc. The coinage carries the city or province name, usually on the reverse but occasionally on the obverse. These issues were contemporaneous with the normal Roman provincial issues depicting the emperor, struck from the first through third centuries A.D.

Judean Kingdom, Herod the Great, 37 - 4 B.C.

|Herod| |the| |Great|, |Judean| |Kingdom,| |Herod| |the| |Great,| |37| |-| |4| |B.C.||eight| |prutot|
Matthew (2:1-23) describes the Massacre of the Innocents. Wise men from the East visited Herod to inquire the whereabouts of "the one having been born king of the Jews," because they had seen his star. Herod, as King of the Jews, was alarmed. The chief priests, citing Micah 5:2, told Herod the anointed one would be born in Bethlehem. Herod sent the "wise men" to Bethlehem, instructing them to "report to me, so that I too may go and worship him." However, the Magi were warned in a dream not to report back to Herod. Joseph was warned in a dream that Herod intended to kill Jesus, so he and his family fled to Egypt. When Herod realized he had been outwitted, he gave orders to kill all boys of the age of two and under in Bethlehem and its vicinity. Joseph and his family stayed in Egypt until Herod's death, then moved to Nazareth. Herod was guilty of many brutal acts, including killing his wife and two sons, but no other source from the period refers to the massacre. Bethlehem was a small village, the number of male children under the age of two might not have exceed 20, and this may be the reason for the lack of other sources for this history.
JD114512. Copper eight prutot, Hendin 6204; Meshorer TJC 44; Meshorer AJC II 1; BMC Palestine p. 220, 1; RPC I 4901; HGC 10 651, F, near black patina with highlighting blue-green deposits, uneven strike with weak areas, rev. edge beveled, edge splits, weight 6.120 g, maximum diameter 23.6 mm, die axis 45o, Samaria mint, 40 - 37 B.C.; obverse HPΩΔOY BAΣIΛEΩΣ (Greek: of King Herod), tripod with ceremonial bowl (lebes), LΓ - P (year 3 of the tetrarchy) across fields; reverse military helmet facing, with cheek pieces and straps, wreathed with acanthus leaves, star above, flanked by two palm-branches; scarce; $220.00 (€206.80)
 


Judean Kingdom, Herod the Great, 37 - 4 B.C.

|Herod| |the| |Great|, |Judean| |Kingdom,| |Herod| |the| |Great,| |37| |-| |4| |B.C.||prutah|
Herod's most famous and ambitious project was his magnificent expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 20 - 19 B.C. Although work on out-buildings continued another eighty years, the new Temple was finished in a year and a half. To comply with religious law, Herod employed 1,000 priests as masons and carpenters. The temple was destroyed in 70 A.D. Today, only the four retaining walls of the Temple Mount remain standing, including the Western Wall.
JD113033. Bronze prutah, Meshorer TJC 59h; Hendin 6219c; SNG ANS 218; Sofaer 35; Meshorer AJC II 17g, VF, green patina, broad flan, uneven strike, rev. edge beveled, weight 1.753 g, maximum diameter 15.3 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, c. 21 - 12 B.C.; obverse HPW BACI (Greek abbreviation: of King Herod, counterclockwise from lower right), anchor; reverse two cornucopias splayed outward, adorned with ribbons, caduceus between horns, five pellets above; $150.00 (€141.00)
 


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV and Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV| |and| |Phasael,| |5| |-| |4| |B.C.||AE| |14|
Possibly struck in the year of Christ's birth! Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C. Matthew describes King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. Later, in order to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this also sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C. This type was issued in the names of Aretas IV and his son, Phasael, 5 - 4 B.C.
GB113590. Bronze AE 14, cf. Al-Qatanani 178 (het ayin on obv.); Barkay CN 118b; Meshorer Nabataean 64; BMC Arabia p. 10, 35; SNG ANS 6 -, VF, dark patina, earthen deposits, scratches, slightly off center, sprue remnant, weight 1.654 g, maximum diameter 13.9 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, 5 - 4 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Aretas right; reverse two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Nabataean PS (peh sade) monogram (Phasael, Aretas' son) in center; scarce; $150.00 (€141.00)
 


Bruzus, Phrygia, c. 193 - 217 A.D.

|Other| |Phrygia|, |Bruzus,| |Phrygia,| |c.| |193| |-| |217| |A.D.||assarion|
Bruzus or Brouzos was a town of ancient Phrygia, in the Phrygian Pentapolis, inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times. Druzon, which Ptolemy places among the cities of Phrygia Magna, should be Bruzon. Its site is located near Karasandikli in Asiatic Turkey.
RP113007. Bronze assarion, Numismatik Naumann auction 81 (1 Sep 2019), lot 309; RPC Online -, SNG Cop -, SNGvA -, Isegrim -, F, well centered, toned bare metal, weight 2.862 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 0o, Bruzus (near Karasandikli, Turkey) mint, c. 193 - 217 A.D.; obverse BPOY-ZOC, turreted and draped bust of Tyche right, seen from front; reverse BPOYZ-HNΩN, Hermes standing left, nude, purse in right hand, caduceus and chlamys in left arm; the referenced Numismatik Naumann auction coin is the only other specimen of this type known to FORVM; extremely rare; $140.00 (€131.60)
 


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |15|
Aretas IV was the greatest Nabataean king, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. He took the name Philopatris, lover of his people. Aretas married Shuqailat, his second wife, in 16 A.D. Aretas' daughter Phasaelis was married to, and divorced from, Herod Antipas. Herod then married his stepbrother's wife, Herodias. It was opposition to this marriage that led to the beheading of John the Baptist. After he received news of the divorce, Aretas invaded the territory of Herod Antipas and defeated his army. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus, when he had to sneak out of the city in a basket lowered from a window in the wall to escape (2 Corinthians 11:32). Al-Khazneh, one of the most elaborate buildings in Petra, is believed to have been his mausoleum.
GB110802. Bronze AE 15, Al-Qatanani 156, Barkay CN 187d, Huth 80, Meshorer Nabataean 97, SNG ANS 6 1435, gVF, dark green patina, highlighting buff earthen highlighting, flan adjustment marks, casting sprue remnant, weight 2.182 g, maximum diameter 14.9 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 18 - 19 A.D.; obverse Aretas standing facing, looking left, laureate, wearing military dress, scarf and high boots, spear in right hand, left on pommel of sword in scabbard, palm frond left, Aramaic monogram (H) upper right; reverse Shuqailat standing left, veiled, wearing long chiton, right hand raised, wreath left, Aramaic legend "Shuqa/ila/t" in three lines on right; $120.00 (€112.80)
 


Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D.

|Nabataean| |Kingdom|, |Nabataean| |Kingdom,| |Aretas| |IV,| |9| |B.C.| |-| |40| |A.D.||AE| |17|
Aretas IV was the greatest Nabataean king, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. He took the name Philopatris, lover of his people. Aretas married Shuqailat, his second wife, in 16 A.D. Aretas' daughter Phasaelis was married to, and divorced from, Herod Antipas. Herod then married his stepbrother's wife, Herodias. It was opposition to this marriage that led to the beheading of John the Baptist. After he received news of the divorce, Aretas invaded the territory of Herod Antipas and defeated his army. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus, when he had to sneak out of the city in a basket lowered from a window in the wall to escape (2 Corinthians 11:32). Al-Khazneh, one of the most elaborate buildings in Petra, is believed to have been his mausoleum.
GB110810. Bronze AE 17, Al-Qatanani 156t2, Barkay CN 187, Huth 80, Meshorer Nabataean 97, SNG ANS 6 1435, VF, near black patina, obv. a little off center, centers weak, flan adjustment marks, remnants of casting sprues, weight 1.943 g, maximum diameter 16.7 mm, die axis 0o, Petra (Jordan) mint, c. 18 - 19 A.D.; obverse Aretas standing facing, looking left, laureate, wearing military dress, scarf and high boots, spear in right hand, left on pommel of sword in scabbard, palm frond left, no monogram; reverse Shuqailat standing left, veiled, wearing long chiton, right hand raised, wreath left, Aramaic legend "Shuqa/ila/t" in three lines on right; $120.00 (€112.80)
 


Antioch, Seleukis & Pieria, Syria, c. 59 - 60 A.D.

|Antioch|, |Antioch,| |Seleukis| |&| |Pieria,| |Syria,| |c.| |59| |-| |60| |A.D.||dichalkon|
Shortly after Nero's accession in 54, the Roman vassal kingdom of Armenia overthrew their Iberian prince Rhadamistus and replaced him with the Parthian prince Tiridates. This was seen as a Parthian invasion. Nero immediately sent the army under the command of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo. The Parthians temporarily relinquished Armenia, but peace did not last. Full-scale war broke out in 58 when the Parthians invaded Armenian. Corbulo repelled Tiridates, and Rome again controlled most of Armenia. Nero was acclaimed for this victory. Tigranes, a Cappadocian noble raised in Rome, was installed as the new ruler of Armenia. Corbulo was appointed governor of Syria as a reward.
RP113545. Bronze dichalkon, McAlee 107(b); RPC I 4293; SNG Cop 108; BMC Galatia p. 161, 80, VF, turquoise and black patina, earthen deposits, scratches/marks, weight 3.631 g, maximum diameter 17.2 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, civic issue, reign of Nero, c. 59 - 60 A.D.; obverse draped bust of Apollo right, hair rolled and bound with beaded taenia; reverse ANTIOXE ET HP (Antioch, year 108 [Caesarian era]), lyre, dot below; $120.00 (€112.80)
 


Aezanis, Phrygia, 41 - 54 A.D.

|Aizanis|, |Aezanis,| |Phrygia,| |41| |-| |54| |A.D.||AE| |17|
Aizanis (Aezani, Aizanoi) was an important political and economic center in Roman times. Surviving remains from the period include a well-preserved Temple of Zeus, an unusual combined theater-stadium complex, and a macellum inscribed with the Price Edict of Diocletian.
RP114198. Brass AE 17, RPC Online I 3106 (10 spec.), BMC Phrygia p. 28, 5, VF, broad flan, green patina, light deposits, light marks, weight 3.613 g, maximum diameter 17.2 mm, die axis 0o, Aizanis (Cavdarhisar, Turkey) mint, time of Claudius, 41 - 54 A.D.; obverse ΘEON CYNKΛHTON, draped young bust of Senate right; reverse AIZANITΩN, bust of Artemis right, transverse arrow behind left shoulder pointed up and right; scarce; $120.00 (€112.80)
 


Judean Kingdom, Herod the Great, 37 - 4 B.C.

|Herod| |the| |Great|, |Judean| |Kingdom,| |Herod| |the| |Great,| |37| |-| |4| |B.C.||prutah|
Herod's most famous and ambitious project was his magnificent expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 20 - 19 B.C. Although work on out-buildings continued another eighty years, the new Temple was finished in a year and a half. To comply with religious law, Herod employed 1,000 priests as masons and carpenters. The temple was destroyed in 70 A.D. Today, only the four retaining walls of the Temple Mount remain standing, including the Western Wall.
JD113036. Bronze prutah, Meshorer TJC 59c; Hendin 6219a; Sofaer 30; SNG ANS 206; BMC Palestine p. 224, 44; HGC 10 662, F, centered on a broad flan, strike a little weak, ragged sprue cut, obv. edge beveled, weight 1956 g, maximum diameter 15.6 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, 21 - 12 B.C.; obverse HPW BACI (Greek abbreviation: of King Herod), anchor; reverse two cornucopias splayed outward, adorned with ribbons, caduceus between horns, five pellets above; $110.00 (€103.40)
 


Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, 4 B.C. - 6 A.D.

|Herod| |Archelaus|, |Herod| |Archelaus,| |Ethnarch| |of| |Samaria,| |Judea,| |and| |Idumea,| |4| |B.C.| |-| |6| |A.D.||prutah|
The anchor was adopted from the Selukids, who used it to symbolize their naval strength. Anchors are often depicted upside down, as they would be seen hung on the side of a boat ready for use.

The cornucopia was a hollow animal horn used as a container. One of the most popular religious symbols of the ancient world, the cornucopia is also know as the "horn of plenty" and on coins it advertises the prosperity delivered by the king.

The caduceus is the wing-topped staff, with two snakes winding about it, carried by Hermes. According to one myth it was given to him by Apollo. The caduceus was carried by Greek heralds and ambassadors and became a Roman symbol for truce, neutrality, and noncombatant status. The Herodians were friends to Rome and the caduceus was an appropriate symbol of that relationship.
JD113038. Bronze prutah, Meshorer TJC 67a var. (legends), Hendin 6223 var. (same), RPC I 4912 var. (same), BMC Palestine -, aVF, broad flan, highlighting earthen deposits, sprue remnant, flan casting void, obv. edge beveled, weight 1.298 g, maximum diameter 16.0 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, 4 B.C. - 6 A.D.; obverse anchor, HPWΔOY (or similar, Greek: of Herod) blundered and scrambled around field; reverse EΘNAPX (Greek: Ethnarch, perhaps abbreviated EΘN above or not present), two cornucopias splayed outward, adorned with ribbons, caduceus between horns; $110.00 (€103.40)
 




  



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