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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Types| ▸ |Votive||View Options:   | | | |
In a religious context, votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity. The word comes from the past participle of voveo, vovere; as the result of the verbal action "vow, promise", it may refer also to the fulfillment of this vow, that is, the thing promised. The votum is thus an aspect of the contractual nature of Roman religion, a bargaining expressed by do ut des, "I give that you might give."SH30322. Gold solidus, RIC VIII Antioch 31, Choice EF, weight 4.540 g, maximum diameter 22.1 mm, die axis 180o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 340 - 350 A.D.; obverse FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PERP AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIAE DD NN AVGG (victories of our two lord emperors), VOTIS XV MVLTIS XX within wreath, jewel at top, tied at the bottom, SMANΔ in exergue; very rare (R3); SOLD
Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D.
Under Gordian III the same coin types were often struck at both Rome and Antioch. One way to distinguish Gordian's coins struck at Antioch from those struck at Rome is the shape of the letter M. On coins from Antioch, M usually resembles a V in the middle of two I's, thus IVI. From the Rome mint, M normally resembles two lambdas, thus ΛΛ.SH15422. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 14, RSC IV 409, SRCV III 8671, Hunter III - (p. lxxxiii), Choice aEF, weight 4.580 g, maximum diameter 21.5 mm, die axis 45o, Rome mint, 238 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse VOTIS / DECENNA / LIBVS in three lines within laurel wreath; extremely rare; SOLD
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
Constantius II, unlike his father, allowed Christians to persecute pagans and Jews. Christian clergy inspired angry crowds, which attacked and destroyed synagogues and temples. On 7 May 351, a Jewish revolt broke out in Palestine. The rebels destroyed the Roman garrison in a surprise night attack and acquired the garrison's weapons. The rebels destroyed Diopolis and Tiberias and killed the people of different ethnicities, including Greeks and Samaritans. In 352, Constantius Gallus sent his general (magister equitum) Ursicinus to put down the revolt. Diocesarea, the epicenter of the revolt, was razed to the ground. Ursicinus ordered the execution of thousands of Jews, even children. After the revolt, a permanent garrison was stationed in Galilee.SH98716. Gold solidus, Hunter V p. 317, 86 (also 4th officina); RIC VIII Nicomedia 32 (R3); Depeyrot p. 264 3/4; SRCV V 17738; Cohen VII 108, Choice gVF, well centered, flow lines, scratches, weight 4.423 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey) mint, 347 - 15 Mar 351; obverse FL IVL CONSTAN-TIVS PERP AVG, laurel and rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse GLORIA - REI-PVBLICAE, Roma on left, enthroned facing, helmeted, spear in right hand, Constantinopolis on right, enthroned left, wearing turreted crown, right foot on prow, scepter in left hand, both hold shield inscribed VOT XX MVLT XXX, SMNC in exergue; very rare; SOLD
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
In a religious context, votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity. The word comes from the past participle of voveo, vovere; as the result of the verbal action "vow, promise", it may refer also to the fulfillment of this vow, that is, the thing promised. The votum is thus an aspect of the contractual nature of Roman religion, a bargaining expressed by do ut des, "I give that you might give."RS79818. Silver siliqua, RIC VIII Antioch 35 (R2), RSC V 338A, SRCV V 17925, Hunter V -, Cohen VII -, EF, well centered, toned, nice surfaces with a few light marks, weight 3.152 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 30o, Antioch mint, c. 340 - 342 A.D.; obverse pearl-diademed head right, with eyes raised to heaven, no legend; reverse VOTIS / XV / MVLTIS / XX in four lines within laurel wreath with jewel at the top, tied at the bottom, ANT in exergue; very rare; SOLD
Constans, 9 September 337 - 19 January 350 A.D.
"OB" means "on account of," is an abbreviation for obryzum (refined or pure gold), and is the Greek numeral 72. Thus the reverse legend may read, "on account of our celebration of our triumph" or, using the multiple meanings, "1/72 pound pure gold for the celebration of our triumph." The Romans were amused by double entendres and puns. The double meanings were almost certainly a clever intention.SH43072. Gold solidus, RIC VIII Siscia 115, Cohen -, VF, weight 4.431 g, maximum diameter 20.2 mm, die axis 180o, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, 342 A.D.; obverse FL IVL CONS-TANS P F AVG, laurel and rosette diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse OB VICTORIAM TRIVMPHALEM, two Victories standing facing center, holding between them a wreath inscribed VOT X MVL XX, SIS* in exergue; well centered; rare (R2); SOLD
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
In 354, Constantius II recalled his legate (and cousin) Constantius Gallus to Constantinople after receiving unfavorable reports about him. Caesar of the East, Gallus had successfully suppressed revolts in Palestine and central Anatolia. Constantius stripped him of his rank and later had him executed in Pola (in modern Croatia).SH70831. Gold solidus, Depeyrot 6/3, RIC VIII Antioch 81 var. (unlisted officina), VF, digs and scratches on obverse, weight 4.225 g, maximum diameter 20.4 mm, die axis 0o, 10th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, late 347 - 355 A.D.; obverse FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PERP AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse GLORIA REI-PVBLICAE, Roma on left, enthroned facing, holding spear; Constantinopolis on right, enthroned half-left, right foot on prow, scepter in left; both hold shield inscribed VOT / XX / MVLT / XXX in four lines; SMANI in ex; ex CNG auction 306, lot 431; ex Kelly J. Krizan M.D. Collection; rare; SOLD
Theodosius II, 10 January 402 - 28 July 450 A.D.
The solidus weighed 1/72 of the Roman pound. "OB" was both an abbreviation for the word obryzum, which means refined or pure gold, and is the Greek numeral 72. Thus the exergue of this coin may be read "1/72 pound pure gold." -- "Byzantine Coinage" by Philip GriersonSH62359. Gold solidus, RIC X Theodosius II 257, aEF, graffiti on obverse, weight 4.469 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 430 - 440 A.D.; obverse D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, helmeted bust facing, pearl diademed, cuirassed, spear in right over shoulder, shield decorated with a horseman riding down enemy on his left arm; reverse VOT XXX MVLT XXXX Γ, Constantinopolis enthroned left, globus cruciger in right hand, scepter in left hand, foot on a prow, left elbow resting on shield, star right, CONOB in exergue; SOLD
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
Gold does not tarnish, however, uncleaned ancient gold coins, such as this one, will sometimes have very light rose toning.SH43070. Gold solidus, RIC VIII Antioch 83, VF, obverse graffiti, weight 4.376 g, maximum diameter 21.3 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, late 347 - 19 Jan 350; obverse FL IVL CONSTANTIVS PERP AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse GLORIA REI-PVBLICAE, Roma on left, enthroned facing, holding spear; Constantinopolis on right, enthroned left, right foot on prow, scepter in left; both hold shield inscribed VOT XX MVLT XXX; SMANΔ in exergue; perfect centering; rare; SOLD
Theodosius II, 10 January 402 - 28 July 450 A.D.
"The 'Solidus' was a revision instituted about 310 by Constantine I to the Roman gold coin standard, the 'aureus'. The aureus weight had fluctuated but settled at five to the Roman ounce, which meant that it was not a standard weight since the Romans had no name for a fifth of an ounce. Constantine I struck solidi at six to the ounce, which equaled the Roman weight unit of the 'sextula'. Solidi were struck at about 98% fineness and were 20-21 mm's in diameter. With the defeat of the Licinii by Constantine in 324 the solidus became the standard Roman gold coin and remained so for over 600 years." - from Moneta Historical Research by Tom SchroerSH10973. Gold solidus, RIC X Theodosius II 204, VF, weight 4.399 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 180o, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 411 A.D.; obverse D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, helmeted pearl-diademed, cuirassed, bust facing, spear in right hand over shoulder, shield decorated with horseman riding down enemy on left arm; reverse CONCORDIA AVGG Z (harmony between the two emperors, 7th officina), Constantinopolis enthroned facing, scepter in right, shield inscribed X / VOT / XX in left, star left, CONOB in exergue; rare (R3); SOLD
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
| The ruins of Antioch on the Orontes lie near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey. Founded near the end of the 4th century B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch's geographic, military and economic location, particularly the spice trade, the Silk Road, the Persian Royal Road, benefited its occupants, and eventually it rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East and as the main center of Hellenistic Judaism at the end of the Second Temple period. Antioch is called "the cradle of Christianity," for the pivotal early role it played in the emergence of the faith. It was one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis. Its residents are known as Antiochenes. Once a great metropolis of half a million people, it declined to insignificance during the Middle Ages because of warfare, repeated earthquakes and a change in trade routes following the Mongol conquests, which then no longer passed through Antioch from the far east. |  |
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