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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Judean & Biblical Coins| ▸ |Jewish Revolts| ▸ |Bar Kochba||View Options:  |  |  |   

Coins of the Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.

The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. It is also referred to as The Second Jewish Revolt, or The Third Jewish Revolt (counting the Kitos War, 115 – 117). The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.

|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||zuz|
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms.
JD91425. Silver zuz, Mildenberg 174 (O22/R109); BMC Palestine, p. 299, 79; SNG ANS 561; Hendin 6462; Meshorer TJC 274, Choice EF, broad flan, flow lines, tiny edge cracks, die wear, weight 3.362 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 225o, Judaean mint, undated issue of year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: Shim'on, bunch of grapes in three lobes hanging from branch, which has a tendril to the left and a leaf to the right; reverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: for the freedom of Jerusalem, kithara with three strings; from the Maxwell Hunt Collection; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||AE| |20|
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors were dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.
JD98134. Bronze AE 20, Mildenberg p. 332, 156 (O4/R6); SNG ANS 586 (same dies); Meshorer AJC 80; Meshorer TJC p. 255, 301; Hendin 6466; Sofaer p. 283, 166, Choice gVF, well centered and struck, attractive applied desert patina, weight 5.293 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Jerusalem", seven-branched palm tree with two small bunches of dates, top of tree bent to the left; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: 'For the Freedom of Jerusalem', bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf; extraordinary for the type!; scarce; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |134| |-| |136| |A.D.||AE| |19|
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.

Obverse legend:      Reverse inscription:
JD99306. Bronze AE 19, SNG ANS 587; Mildenberg 159 (O4/-); BMC Palestine p. 315, 102; Meshorer TJC 302a; Sofaer 169; Hendin 6467, VF, green patina, light earthen deposits, mild porosity, weight 5.528 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew legend counterclockwise from upper left: "For the Freedom of Jerusalem", bunch of grapes with branch and small leaf; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven-branched palm tree with two bunches of fruit, Paleo-Hebrew inscription divided by trunk of palm: "Shimon"; this reverse die is missing from Mildenberg, from a private collector in New Jersey; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||zuz|
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms. Traces of the undertype are present on the obverse circle of dots.
SH28931. Silver zuz, Hendin 6443, EF, weight 3.313 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 0o, Judaean mint, undated year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Shim'on (in Hebrew) within wreath of thin branches wrapped around eight almonds, medallion at the top, tendrils at the bottom; reverse For the freedom of Jerusalem (in Hebrew), palm-branch; toned; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kokhba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||zuz|
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms. Traces of the undertype bust and obverse legend are visible on the reverse.
SH63938. Silver zuz, Mildenberg p. 255, 161 (O21/R81); Hendin 6460; TJC 285. AJC II 275, 68; overstruck on a Roman denarius or drachm of Trajan(?), VF, weight 3.484 g, maximum diameter 18.6 mm, die axis 180o, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: Simon, bunch of grapes in three lobes hanging from branch, which has a tendril to the left and a leaf to the right; part of undertype legend visible, 6:00 - 8:00 (GER?); reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: for the freedom of Jerusalem, fluted jug, handle on left, willow branch on right; ex Gemini; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||zuz|
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms. This example is overstruck on a Trajan denarius.
SL89834. Silver zuz, Mildenberg 213 (O24/R137); BMC Palestine, p. 299, 79 (same dies); SNG ANS 561 (same dies); Hendin 6462; Meshorer TJC 274, NGC Ch XF, strike 2/5, surface 3/5, overstruck [on a Trajan denarius] (4283488-001), weight 3.24 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, Judaean mint, undated issue of year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: Shim'on, bunch of grapes in three lobes hanging from branch, which has a tendril to the left and a leaf to the right; reverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: for the freedom of Jerusalem, kithara with three strings; NGC| Lookup; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||AE| |25|
After the defeat of Bar Kochba rebellion, Judea would not be a center of Jewish religious, cultural, or political life again until the modern era, although Jews continued to sporadically populate it and important religious developments still took place there. Galilee became an important center of Rabbinic Judaism, where the Jerusalem Talmud was compiled in the 4th-5th centuries. In the aftermath of the defeat, the maintenance of Jewish settlement in Palestine became a major concern of the rabbinate. The Sages endeavored to halt Jewish dispersal, and even banned emigration from Palestine, branding those who settled outside its borders as idolaters.
JD99308. Bronze AE 25, Mildenberg 112 (O10/R76); SNG ANS 570 - 572 (same dies); cf. BMC Palestine p. 307, 31; Sofaer 144; Meshorer TJC 292a; Hendin 6464, gVF, dark green patina, light earthen deposits, weight 10.201 g, maximum diameter 24.5 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", five-lobed vine-leaf with strongly accentuated ribs, hanging from curved branch, short tendril right; from a private collector in New Jersey; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||AE| |29|
After the defeat of Bar Kochba rebellion, Judea would not be a center of Jewish religious, cultural, or political life again until the modern era, although Jews continued to sporadically populate it and important religious developments still took place there. Galilee became an important center of Rabbinic Judaism, where the Jerusalem Talmud was compiled in the 4th-5th centuries. In the aftermath of the defeat, the maintenance of Jewish settlement in Palestine became a major concern of the rabbinate. The Sages endeavored to halt Jewish dispersal, and even banned emigration from Palestine, branding those who settled outside its borders as idolaters.
JD99311. Bronze AE 29, Mildenberg 115 (O10/R79); cf. Meshorer TJC 292a; BMC Palestine p. 312, 80; SNG ANS 572; Hendin 6464, gVF, green patina with highlighting earthen deposits, weight adjustment marks, flan cracks, weight 7.929 g, maximum diameter 28.9 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven branched palm tree with two bunches of dates; reverse paleo-Hebrew inscription: "for the freedom of Jerusalem", five-lobed vine-leaf with strongly accentuated ribs, hanging from curved branch, short tendril right; from a private collector in New Jersey; SOLD


|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||AE| |24|
In 134, the Romans captured Jerusalem. Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135, at Betar, a fortress where he had taken refuge. Jerusalem, largely destroyed, was renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in the city and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem. Although, resistance continued in Galilee, the Jewish diaspora began as Emperor Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jews remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.

Obverse legend:      Reverse legend:
JD111141. Bronze AE 24, Mildenberg 32 (O2/R11); SNG ANS 580; BMC Palestine p. 3, 93; Meshorer TJC 297a; Sofaer p. 283, & pl. 236, 16; Hendin 6463 (S), VF, highlighting earthen deposits, tight flan, small edge splits, obv. center weak, weight 5.937 g, maximum diameter 24.2 mm, die axis 0o, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription counterclockwise from lower right: for the freedom of Jerusalem, upright palm branch within laurel wreath, wreath with four groups of three leaves on each side, a medallion at the top and ribbon ties at the bottom; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription counterclockwise from lower right: Shimon, kithara (lyre) with a long soundbox, three strings, and horn-like protrusions; ex Amphora Coins (David Hendin) with his signed photo authenticity receipt; ex S. Moussaieff Collection; ex Goldberg auction 110 (4 Jun 2019), lot 1776 (part of); scarce; SOLD


Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.

|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||AE| |21|
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors were dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.
JD111142. Bronze AE 21, Mildenberg p. 247, 147 (O1/R1); Hendin 6409a (R); Sofaer p. 277, 26; Meshorer TJC p. 246, 225, Choice VF, well struck on a broad flan, brown patina with reddish earthen deposits, scratches, weight 7.665 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, 132 - 133 A.D.; obverse retrograde Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Elezar the Priest", seven-branched palm tree with two small bunches of dates, top of tree bent to the left; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: 'year one for the Freedom of Israel", bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf; ex Amphora Coins (David Hendin) with his signed photo authenticity receipt; ex S. Moussaieff Collection; ex Goldberg auction 110 (4 Jun 2019), lot 1776 (part of); rare; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Ariel, D. "A Survey of Coin Finds in Jerusalem until the end of the Byzantine Period" in Liber Annuus 32 (1982), pp. 273 - 326.
Baramki, D. The Coin Collection of the American University of Beirut Museum. (Beirut, 1974).
Fontanille, J. Menorah Coin Project, website: http://menorahcoinproject.com/
Hendin, D. Guide to Biblical Coins, 6th Edition. (Amphora, 2021).
Hill, G. Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum: Palestine. (London, 1914).
Howgego, C. Greek Imperial Countermarks. Royal Numismatic Society, Special Publication No. 17. (London, 1985).
Mattingly H. & E. Sydenham. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol II, Vespasian to Hadrian. (London, 1926).
Meshorer, Y. Ancient Jewish Coinage. (New York, 1982).
Meshorer, Y. A Treasury of Jewish Coins from the Persian Period to Bar Kokhba. (Jerusalem, 2001).
Meshorer, Y., et al. Coins of the Holy Land: The Abraham and Marian Sofaer Collection at the American Numismatic Society and The Israel Museum. ACNAC 8. (New York, 2013).
Mildenberg, L. The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War. Typos VI. (Aarau, 1984).
Roman Provincial Coinage Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
Rosenberger, M. The Rosenberger Israel Collection Volume IV: The Coinage of Eastern Palestine, and legionary countermarks, Bar-Kochba overstruck. (Jerusalem, 1978).
Seaby, H. & R. Loosley. Roman Silver Coins, Volume II, Tiberius to Commodus. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Volume 2: Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume Two, The Accession of Nerva to the Overthrow of the Severan Dynasty AD 96 - AD 235. (London, 2002).
Spijkerman, A. The Coins of the Decapolis and Provincia Arabia. (1978).
Superior Galleries and Leu Numismatics Ltd. The Abraham Bromberg Collection of Jewish Coins. Catalogs of public auctions, New York, 5 Dec 1991 and 10 Dec 1992.
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, U.S.A., The Collection of the American Numismatic Society, Part 6: Palestine - South Arabia. (New York, 1981).

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