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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Hellenistic Monarchies| ▸ |Bosporan Kingdom||View Options:  |  |  |   

Kingdom of Bosporus

The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was an ancient Greco-Scythian state in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the more famous Bosphorus beside Istanbul at the other end of the Black Sea). Its mixed population adopted the Greek language and civilization. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. It was a Roman province from 63 to 68 A.D., under Nero. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state. The Bosporan Kingdom became the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, retaining semi-independent status until it was overrun by the Huns, c. 375 A.D. Bosporan Kingdom

Kingdom of Bosporus, Sauromates II, 174 - 210 A.D.

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bosporus,| |Sauromates| |II,| |174| |-| |210| |A.D.||denarius|
Tiberius Julius Sauromates II Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes (his epithets mean, lover of Caesar, lover of Rome, and the Pius) was the Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom. He was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry and was a contemporary of the Roman emperors Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Septimius Severus and Caracalla. Little is known of his life and reign. From his coinage, we know he venerated Aphrodite. From an inscription found in Tanais, we know that he defeated the Scythians and Sirachi tribes in 193.
GB88982. Bronze denarius, MacDonald Bosporus 543/1, Anokhin 616, RPC Online IV 3878, SNG Cop 68 var. (Aphrodite also holds scepter), SNG Stancomb -, VF, dark patina with brass showing on high points, obverse off center,, weight 9.406 g, maximum diameter 29.5 mm, c. 174 - 196 A.D.; obverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΣAYPOMATOY, diademed and draped bust of Sauromates right, with long hair and a short beard; reverse Aphrodite enthroned left, wearing crown, apple in extended right hand, X (denarius mark of value) in upper right field; ex Ancient Imports (Marc Breitsprecher), ex German collection; SOLD


Kingdom of Bosporus, Rheskuporis V (VI), 314 - 342 A.D., Constantine the Great Reverse

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bosporus,| |Rheskuporis| |V| |(VI),| |314| |-| |342| |A.D.,| |Constantine| |the| |Great| |Reverse||stater|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
SH112692. Billon stater, MacDonald 679/1; Anokhin 769; SNG Stancomb 1034; BMC Pontus pl. XVIII 12 (not in text), VF, dark brown patina, weight 8.230 g, maximum diameter 20.6 mm, die axis 0o, Pantikapaion (Kerch, Crimea) mint, 323 - 324 A.D.; obverse BACIΛEVC PHCKOVΠOPIΔOC, diademed and draped bust of Rheskuporis right, wreath of pellets (control symbol) right; reverse laureate and draped bust of the Roman emperor Constantine the great right, K-X ([year] 620 [of the Bosporan Era]) divided across field; ex FORVM (2021); SOLD


Kings of Bosporos, Polemo I, c. 14 - 9 B.C.

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kings| |of| |Bosporos,| |Polemo| |I,| |c.| |14| |-| |9| |B.C.||tetrachalkon|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
GB85937. Bronze tetrachalkon, Frolova-Ireland p. 52, pl. 33/1, pl. 34/1-5, MacDonald Bosporus 229, SNG Stancomb 961, Anokhin 256, HGC 7 347 (R2), RPC I -, SNG BM -, SNG Pushkin -, nice VF, bold strike, slightly off center, attractive near black patina with buff earthen highlighting, scratches, edge cracks, countermark, weight 9.295 g, maximum diameter 24.0 mm, die axis 0o, Pantikapaion (Kerch, Crimea) mint, c. 14 - 9 B.C.; obverse head of gorgon Medusa (or Perseus? - most references say a gorgon) right, winged, snakes (or drapery) around neck, obscure round countermark before; reverse monogram of Polemo I; very rare; SOLD


Kingdom of Bosporus, Rheskuporis V, 242 - 276 A.D.

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bosporus,| |Rheskuporis| |V,| |242| |-| |276| |A.D.||stater|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
RP99913. Billon stater, Frolova BAR 166 pp. 138-140, pl. IV, 28-37, pl. LXXXI, 23-25; RPC Online IX 180; MacDonald Bosporus 608/2 (Rhescuporis IV); Anokhin 697a (same), VF, toned, a little off center, weight 7.015 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 0o, 249 - 250 A.D.; obverse BACIΛEWC PHCKOYΠOPIΔ, diademed and draped bust of Rheskuporis right; reverse laureate and draped bust of Roman emperor (Philip I or Trajan Decius) right, six pointed star before (control), ΣMΦ ([year] 546 [of the Pontic Era]); SOLD


Kings of Bosporos, Ininthimeus, 234 -239 A.D.

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kings| |of| |Bosporos,| |Ininthimeus,| |234| |-239| |A.D.||2| |denarii|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
GB92205. Bronze 2 denarii, MacDonald Bosporus 599, Anokhin 697, SNG Stancomb 1015, SNG BM -, aVF, weight 7.325 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 0o, Pantikapaion (Kerch, Crimea) mint, 2nd issue, middle reign, c. 234/235 - 238/239 A.D.; obverse BACIΛEWC ININΘIMEOY, diademed, draped bust of Ininthimeus right (on left) vis-a-vis bust of Aphrodite Apatura left, wearing veil and kalathos (or stephane?); reverse Aphrodite seated left on throne, wearing crown, phiale in left hand, apple in right hand, B - X (mark of value) divided across field; ex Münzhandlung Ritter; SOLD


Kingdom of Bosporus, Rheskuporis V, 242 - 276 A.D.

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bosporus,| |Rheskuporis| |V,| |242| |-| |276| |A.D.||stater|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
RP99912. Billon stater, Frolova BAR 166 pp. 137-138, pl. IV, 12–27, pl. LXXXI, 21-22; RPC Online IX 179; MacDonald Bosporus 608/1 (Rhescuporis IV); Anokhin 697 (same), VF/gVF, small edge cracks, weight 7.200 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, 249 - 250 A.D.; obverse BACIΛEWC PHCKOYΠOPIΔ, diademed and draped bust of Rheskuporis right; reverse laureate and draped bust of Roman emperor (Philip I or Trajan Decius) right, club handle upward before (control), ΣMΦ ([year] 546 [of the Pontic Era]); SOLD


Kingdom of Bosporus, Thothorses, 285 - 309 A.D.

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bosporus,| |Thothorses,| |285| |-| |309| |A.D.||stater|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
RP99728. Billon stater, MacDonald Bosporus 648/3, Anokhin 745, SNG Stancomb -, VF, green-brown patina, well centered on a tight flan, high-points not fully struck, edge splits, weight 7.615 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Pantikapaion (Kerch, Crimea) mint, 300 - 301 A.D.; obverse BACIΛEWC ΘOΘWPCOY, diademed and draped bust of Thothorses right; reverse laureate and draped bust of the Roman emperor Diocletian right, three pellets behind, tamga symbol right, ZꟼΦ ([year] 597 [of the Bosporan Era]) below; SOLD


Kingdom of Bosporus, Rheskuporis IV, 242 - 277 A.D., Gallienus Reverse

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bosporus,| |Rheskuporis| |IV,| |242| |-| |277| |A.D.,| |Gallienus| |Reverse||10| |nummi|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
SH80244. Billon 10 nummi, MacDonald Bosporus 620/3; BMC Pontus p. 76, 5 (Rheskuporis V), gVF, weight 7.117 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 0o, Pantikapaion (Kerch, Crimea) mint, obverse BACIΛEWC PHCKOYΠOPIΔOC, diademed and draped bust of Rheskuporis right, trident head (control symbol) before; reverse laureate and draped bust of Gallienus right, I (mark of value) before, AΖΦ ([year] 591 [of the Bosporan Era]); SOLD


Kingdom of Bosporus, Rheskuporis V (VI), 314 - 342 A.D., Constantine the Great Reverse

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kingdom| |of| |Bosporus,| |Rheskuporis| |V| |(VI),| |314| |-| |342| |A.D.,| |Constantine| |the| |Great| |Reverse||stater|
The Bosporan Kingdom (or Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, the present-day Strait of Kerch (it was not named after the Bosphorus beside Istanbul). The mixed population adopted Greek language and civilization. The prosperity of the kingdom was based on the export of wheat, fish and slaves. The kingdom's golden age was 2nd and 1st centuries B.C. At the end of the 2nd century A.D., King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat on the Scythians and expanded his state to include the entire Crimea. It was the longest surviving Roman client kingdom, lasting until it was overrun by the Huns c. 375 A.D.
RP99729. Billon stater, MacDonald 679/1; Anokhin 769; SNG Stancomb 1034; BMC Pontus pl. XVIII, 12 (not in text), gVF, centered on a tight flan, black patina, weight 7.472 g, maximum diameter 19.9 mm, die axis 0o, Pantikapaion (Kerch, Crimea) mint, 323 - 324 A.D.; obverse BACIΛEVC PHCKOVΠOPIΔOC, diademed and draped bust of Rheskuporis right, wreath (of tiny pellets, control symbol) lower right; reverse laureate and draped bust of the Roman emperor Constantine the great right, K-X ([year] 620 [of the Bosporan Era]) divided across field; SOLD


Kings of Bosporos, Cotys I with Claudius and Agrippina II, 45 - 69 A.D.

|Bosporan| |Kingdom|, |Kings| |of| |Bosporos,| |Cotys| |I| |with| |Claudius| |and| |Agrippina| |II,| |45| |-| |69| |A.D.||12| |nummi|
According to Pliny the Elder, Agrippina was a beautiful and reputable woman. Many ancient historians, however, accuse Agrippina of poisoning Claudius and described her as ruthless, ambitious, violent, and domineering.
RP84697. Bronze 12 nummi, MacDonald Bosporus 325; RPC I 1924; BMC Pontus 6; Anokhin 152, 344 and pl. 13; SNG Cop -, aF, porous, weight 5.527 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 0o, Nikomedia(?) mint, c. 50 - 54 A.D.; obverse TI KΛAVΔIOY - KAICAPOC, laureate head of Claudius right, IB (mark of value) below; reverse IOYΛIAN AΓPIΠΠINAN KAICAPOC, head of Agrippina Junior left, hair falling down back of neck in a plait, BAK monogram before; rare; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Anokhin, V. Monetnoye delo Bospora. (Kiev, 1986).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry & P. Ripollès. Roman Provincial Coinage I: From the death of Caesar to the death of Vitellius (44 BC-AD 69). (1992 and supplement).
Frolova N. Monetnoe delo Bospora (seredina I veka n.je. - seredina IV veka n.je.). (Moscow, 1971).
Frolova, N. The Coinage of the Kingdom of Bosporus AD 69 - 238. BAR 56. (Oxford, 1979).
Frolova, N. The Coinage of the Kingdom of Bosporus AD 242–341/342. BAR 166. (Oxford, 1983).
Frolova, N. & S. Ireland. The Coinage of the Bosporan Kingdom From the First Century BC to the Middle of the First Century AD. BAR 1102. (Oxford, 2002).
Lindgren, H & F. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coinage of Asia Minor and the Levant. (San Mateo, 1985).
Lindgren, H. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins from the Lindgren Collection. (1993).
MacDonald, D. An Introduction to the History and Coinage of the Kingdom of the Bosporus, Classical Numismatic Studies 5. (Lancaster, 2005).
Roman Provincial Coinage Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Volume 4: Bosporus - Lesbos. (New Jersey, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain, Volume IX, British Museum, Part 1: The Black Sea. (London, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain, Volume XI, The William Stancomb Collection of Coins of the Black Sea Region. (Oxford, 2000).
Wroth, W. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia. (London, 1889).
Zograph, A. Ancient Coinage, Part II, Ancient Coins of the Northern Black Sea Littoral. (Oxford, 1977).

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