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Roman Provincial Coins from Mesopotamia and Babylonia
Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Edessa, Mesopotamia
NEW Tyche (Greek for luck; the Roman equivalent was Fortuna) was the presiding tutelary deity that governed the fortune and prosperity of a city, its destiny. Increasingly during the Hellenistic period, cities had their own specific iconic version of Tyche, wearing a mural crown (a crown like the walls of the city). RP110814. Bronze AE 28, RPC Online VII.2 3427; SNG Cop 220; BMC Arabia p. 111, 128 ff.; Babelon 86; McClean 9553; SNG Hunt 2565, aF, porous, earthen deposits, weight 14.902 g, maximum diameter 27.5 mm, die axis 180o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, 242 - 244 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K M ANT ΓOP∆IANOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse MHT KOΛ E∆ECCHNΩN, draped, veiled and turreted bust of Tyche left, altar before her, to left of altar, Marsyas (?) standing right on short column, carrying wineskin over shoulder; $40.00 (€40.40)
Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D., Carrhae, Mesopotamia
Caracalla was assassinated near Carrhae on 8 April 217, while urinating on a roadside. When his escort gave him privacy to relieve himself, Julius Martialis, an officer of his personal bodyguard, ran forward and killed Caracalla with a single sword stroke. Martialis fled on horseback, but was killed by a bodyguard archer. Herodian says Caracalla had executed Martialis' brother a few days earlier on an unproven charge. Cassius Dio says that Martialis was resentful at not being promoted to the rank of centurion. Macrinus, the Praetorian Guard Prefect, who succeeded him as emperor, may have arranged the assassination.SL97998. Billon tetradrachm, Prieur 821, Bellinger Syrian -, SNG Cop -, BMC Arabia -, NGC Ch VF (6055035-005), weight 11.94 g, maximum diameter 26 mm, die axis 180o, Carrhae (Altinbasak, Turkey) mint, Cos. 4, 215 - 217 A.D.; obverse AVT•K•M•A• - •ANTΩNEINOC - •CE-B•, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left, seen from behind; reverse ∆HMAPX•EΞ•YΠA•TO•∆ (holder of Tribunitian power, consul for the 4th time), eagle standing facing on facing bull's head with long horns, head right, tail left, wings spread, filleted wreath in beak, bull's head flanked by pellet on each side; ex Heritage auction 61210 (16 May 2021), lot 99014; ex CNG e-auction 433 (28 Nov 2018), lot 231 (realized $360 plus fees); NGC| Lookup; SOLD
Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D., Edessa(?), Mesopotamia
This coin is from of a series of rare drachms with portraits of Marcus Aurelius, Faustina II, Lucius Verus, and Lucilla, along with a small bronze of Commodus, struck in Mesopotamia, c. 165 A.D. The series commemorated the Roman victory, as this coin does with the reverse legend VΠEP NIKHC RΩMAIΩN. All have Roma reverse types, but for many, like this coin, the goddess intended and her attributes are uncertain. They were most likely struck at Edessa, but Carrhae or another mint is possible. All the types are very rare. This is the only example of this variety known to FORVM and the only coin known to Forum from this series with obverse legend ending in APM (Armeniacus - victor over the Armenians).RS94121. Silver drachm, unpublished variety, cf. BMC Arabia p. 137, 3 and pl. XIX, 7 (AVT K M AV...NTΩNIN...), RPC online IV.3 T10747 (...ANTΩNINOC CEB), aF, toned, slightly off center, legend not fully struck, scratches, edge split, weight 2.561 g, maximum diameter 16.8 mm, die axis 0o, Mesopotamia, Edessa(?) mint, c. 165 A.D.; obverse AVTO K M AVPHΛ ANTΩNINOC APM, bare-headed, bearded bust right, drapery on shoulder; reverse VΠEP NIKHC RΩMAIΩN (for the victory of the Romans), goddess standing facing, head left, wearing tunic and mantle, globe or apple in right hand, cornucopia in left hand; extremely rare and possibly unique - the only specimen with this obverse legend known to FORVM; SOLD
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