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Roman Provincial Coins from Thrace
Maximus, Caesar, 235 or 236 - 24 June 238 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Maximus,| |Caesar,| |235| |or| |236| |-| |24| |June| |238| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||tetrassarion|NEW
The Roman Colony of Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria today) was founded during the reign of Vespasian on the west shore of Lake Mandren between Anchialus and Apollonia, and settled with veterans of Legio VIII Augusta. The town followed the usual Roman plan, with a very good water supply, sewers, and impressive baths with floor heating. It became one of the richest towns in the province. During the reign Mark Aurelius, Deultum was protected by large fortified walls and for centuries it served as an important communication point and a bulwark against barbarian raids. In 812 Khan Krum conquered Develt (its medieval name), banished the local residents to the north of Danube River, and resettled the town with Bulgarians.

Oiskos (Oescus), modern Iskar, is a tributary of the Danube river.
RP113330. Bronze tetrassarion, Draganov Deultum 822-24 (O94/R635); SNG Bobokov 822; Jurukova Deultum 228; RPC Online VI T835; BMC Thrace p. 112, 15; MPR II-4 1976; Varbanov II 2490, VF, red-brown surfaces resembling embossed leather, light roughness, slightly off center obverse, central mint dimples, weight 7.729 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 45o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, c. 235/236 - 24 Jun 238 A.D.; obverse C IVL VER MAXIMVS CAES, Bareheaded, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front; reverse COL F-L PAC DE,VLT (ending in exergue), River-god (ancient personification of the Sredetska River) reclining left, reed in raised right hand, cornucopia in left hand and arm, left elbow resting on overturned urn from which water flows; ex CNG E-sale 537 (26 Apr 2023), lot 291; ex Dr. Michael Slavin Collection; $130.00 (€122.20)
 


Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Gordian| |III,| |29| |July| |238| |-| |25| |February| |244| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||tetrassarion|NEW
On RPC Online and elsewhere, we sometimes find our river god labeled Istrus (Danube) or its Bulgarian tributary, Oiskus (modern Iskar). Both waterways, however, never flowed close to ancient Deultum. As a Roman colony, it was founded under Vespasian near the mouth of the Sredetska (srai-DETS-kah) River (ancient name unknown), which empties into Lake Mandra. The presence of galleys on the city’s coinage suggests the colony was supported by maritime trade and fishing, at a time when the lake was suitably connected to the Black Sea. Coins depicting our river god must therefore refer to a local river, as in Sredetska, the closest to Deultum of several rivers that flow into the lake.

The magnificent Gordian III coin type featuring two river gods and a galley (RPC Online VII-2 823) grants even further certainty in linking Deultum's fortunes to Lake Mandra and beyond, via the Sredetska. The overturned urn of the older, bearded river god flows into a large bowl rather than forming a river, clearly symbolizing a standing body of water. His beardless counterpart grasping the ship's rudder has long been assumed to be Thalassa, the primordial goddess of the sea. However, the figure doesn’t appear very feminine on high grade coins and lacks Thalassa's important crab claw headgear. On RPC Online VI T772, we find probably the same deity reclining left with a flowing urn and holding a reed and the prow of a ship—all very river god like except for the missing beard. In reference to this puzzle in his 1695 work, Numismata Aerea Imperatorum, Vaillant wrote, "Rivers emptying themselves into the sea, are depicted on ancient medals under the figures of old men, with flowing beards, as though they were the fathers of other streams. But the personifications of those rivers which discharge their waters into other rivers, are represented without beards." Perhaps our spurt off the old river may also personify the short, heavily navigated inlet from Lake Mandra to the sea.
RP113331. Bronze tetrassarion, Draganov Deultum 1255–1257 (O113/R638) = SNG Bobokov 1255–1257; Jurukova Deultum 250; RPC Online VII.2 956; BM Acquisitions 1921 p. 159, 33, gVF, dark green patina, good detail, minor pitting, cleaning scratches, rev. off center, small edge splits, central mint dimples, weight 6.434 g, maximum diameter 22.9 mm, die axis 225o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, c. 241 - 242 A.D.; obverse IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG (AV ligate), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse COL FL PAC DEVL,T (final letter in exergue), River-god (ancient personification of the Sredetska River) reclining left, holding cornucopia in raised right hand, resting elbow on urn from which water flows; ex CNG e-sale 537 (26 Apr 2023), lot 293; ex Dr. Michael Slavin Collection, ex Herakles Numismatics (Apr 2003); $130.00 (€122.20) ON RESERVE


Kallatis, Moesia Inferior, 2nd - 3rd Century A.D.

|Kallatis|, |Kallatis,| |Moesia| |Inferior,| |2nd| |-| |3rd| |Century| |A.D.||AE| |20|NEW
Cybele was born a hermaphrodite, but castrated by the gods, she became female. Heeding the Sibylline oracle the senate brought her worship to Rome in 204 B.C. as the first officially sanctioned Eastern cult. After approval, they were dismayed to learn that the priesthood required voluntary self-castration, which was abhorrent to the Romans. Romans were barred from entering the priesthood or even entering the priest's sanctuary. The eunuch priests, recruited from outside Rome, were confined to their sanctuary, leaving only to parade in the streets during festivals in April. Claudius removed the bans on Roman participation, making worship of Cybele and her consort Attis part of the state religion."Cybele
RP113340. Bronze AE 20, Sutzu I 72; AMNG I/I p. 111, 295; SNG Cop -, SNG Stancomb -; SNG BM -, aVF, near centered, black patina, porous, weight 4.933 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 225o, Kallatis (Mangalia, Romania) mint, 2nd - 3rd century A.D.; obverse KTIC-THC (clockwise from upper right), laureate head of Herakles right; reverse KAΛΛA-TIANΩN (clockwise from upper right), Kybele seated left, turreted and draped, phiale in right hand, left arm resting on tympanon (drum) behind; ex V-auction Rohde (Apr 2007); $90.00 (€84.60)
 


Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Hadrianopolis, Thrace

|Hadrianopolis|, |Gordian| |III,| |29| |July| |238| |-| |25| |February| |244| |A.D.,| |Hadrianopolis,| |Thrace||tetrassarion|NEW
Hadrian refounded a Thracian tribal capital, changed its name to Hadrianopolis, developed it, adorned it with monuments, and made it the capital of the Roman province. The city is Edirne, Turkey today. From ancient times, the area around Edirne has been the site of no fewer than 16 major battles or sieges. Military historian John Keegan identifies it as "the most contested spot on the globe" and attributes this to its geographical location. Licinius was defeated there by Constantine I in 323, and Valens was killed by the Goths during the Battle of Adrianople in 378.
RP113332. Bronze tetrassarion, Jurukova Hadrianopolis 470 (V230/R456); RPC Online VII.2 733; Varbanov II 3837 var. (obv. legend); BMC Thrace p. 121, 36; SNG Hunterian 916, aVF, brown patina, small flan crack, area of weakness, central mint dimples, weight 8.913 g, maximum diameter 26.1 mm, die axis 180o, Hadrianopolis (Edirne, Turkey) mint, 29 Jul 238 - 25 Feb 244 A.D.; obverse AVT K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC AVΓ (Imperator Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Augustus, AVΓ ligate), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse AΔPIANOΠO,ΛEITΩN (ending in exergue, ΩN ligate), river-god Tonzus or Hebros reclining left, reeds in raised right hand, rudder in left hand and crook of left arm, resting left elbow on overturned urn behind from which water flows; ex CNG e-sale 537 (26 Apr 2023), lot 297; From the Dr. Michael Slavin Collection; $90.00 (€84.60)
 


Kingdom of Thrace, Rhoemetalces I, c. 11 B.C. - 12 A.D., Augustus Reverse

|Kingdom| |of| |Thrace|, |Kingdom| |of| |Thrace,| |Rhoemetalces| |I,| |c.| |11| |B.C.| |-| |12| |A.D.,| |Augustus| |Reverse||AE| |19|
When the Cotys VII, King of Thrace, died about 48 B.C. Rhoemetalces I became the guardian of his nephew Rhescuporis I, his brother's young son and heir. In 13 B.C., Rhescuporis I was defeated and slain in battle by Vologases, chief of the Thracian Bessi, who was leading a revolt against Rome. As Rhescuporis I had left no heir, Rhoemetalces became king. An ally of Augustus, the Roman Historian Tacitus described Rhoemetalces as attractive and civilized. After his death, Augustus divided his realm, half for his son Cotys VIII and the other half for Rhoemetalces' brother Rhescuporis II. Tacitus states that Cotys received the cultivated parts, most towns and most Greek cities of Thrace, while Rhescuporis received the wild and savage portion with enemies on its frontier.
MA113878. Bronze AE 19, RPC I 1718; Youroukova 194; BMC Thrace p. 209, 7; SNG Cop 1192; SNG Tüb 974; SNG Evelpidis 1124, F, green patina, legends weak, weight 4.440 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 180o, uncertain Thracian mint, c. 11 B.C. - 12 A.D.; obverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ POIMHTAΛKOY, diademed head of Rhoemetalces I right; reverse KAIΣAPOΣ ΣEBAΣTOY, bare head of Augustus right; $80.00 (€75.20)
 


Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Anchialos, Thrace

|Anchialus|, |Gordian| |III,| |29| |July| |238| |-| |25| |February| |244| |A.D.,| |Anchialos,| |Thrace||AE| |27|
Anchialus (Pomorie, Bulgaria today) was 15 km north of Apollonia on the opposite coast of the Gulf of Burgas. Ovid wrote of the fortified walls of Anchialus in 9 A.D. enroute to Tomis. Anchialos thrived in the 2nd and 3rd centuries serving as the most important import and export station of Thrace and acquired the appearance of a Roman city under the Severan Dynasty.
RP113306. Bronze AE 27, RPC Online VII.2 1166.3; McClean 4429; Tachev Anchialos 302; AMNG II 666.9; SNG Evelpidis 903; Varbanov II 711, F, near full legends, dark brown tone, porosity, central depressions, edge spits, weight 14.383 g, maximum diameter 26.9 mm, die axis 0o, Anchialos (Pomorie, Bulgaria) mint, May 241 - 25 Feb 244 A.D.; obverse AYT K M ANT ΓOPΔIANOC AVΓ CEB, TPANKYΛ/ΛEINA (her name in two lines below), confronted busts of Gordian on left, laureate, draped, and cuirassed, and Tranquillina on right, draped and wearing stephane; reverse OYΛΠIANΩN AΓXIAΛEΩN, Hygieia standing slightly right, head right, feeding snake in right hand from patera in left hand; $80.00 (€75.20)
 


Faustina Junior, Augusta 146 - Winter 175/176 A.D., Wife of Marcus Aurelius, Perinthus, Thrace

|Perinthus|, |Faustina| |Junior,| |Augusta| |146| |-| |Winter| |175/176| |A.D.,| |Wife| |of| |Marcus| |Aurelius,| |Perinthus,| |Thrace||AE| |27|
Perinthos, later called Heraclea and Marmara Eregli today, is 90 km west of Istanbul near a small pointed headland on the north shore of the Marmara Sea. It is said to have been a Samian colony, founded about 599 B.C. It is famous chiefly for its stubborn and successful resistance to Philip II of Macedon in 340 B.C.; at that time it seems to have been more important than Byzantium itself. In 46 A.D., after the death of the Thracian king Rhoemetalces III and after an unsuccessful anti-Roman revolt, the Thracian Kingdom was annexed by Claudius as the Roman province of Thracia. Perinthus was made the capital of Roman Thracia.
RP111715. Bronze AE 27, RPC Online IV.1 T8666 (10 spec.); Schönert Perinthos pl. 24, 436; BMC Thrace p. 15, 25; Varbanov III 140, F, centered on a broad flan, dark brown tone, porosity, a few scattered pits, weight 6.523 g, maximum diameter 27.0 mm, die axis 180o, Heraclea Perinthos (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, obverse ΦAVCTEINA CEBACTH, draped bust of Faustina II right, hair waved and coiled on back of head; reverse ΠEPINΘIΩN, Homonoia standing slightly left, head left, wearing kalathos, patera in right hand over altar to left, cornucopia in left hand; $60.00 (€56.40)
 


Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - February or March 235 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Severus| |Alexander,| |13| |March| |222| |-| |February| |or| |March| |235| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||AE| |24|
The Three Graces, named Euphrosyne, Aglaia and Thalia, were the attendants of Aphrodite (Venus). They are shown on Roman provincial coins as a statuary group, nude and sometimes holding apples.
RP99940. Bronze AE 24, RPC Online VI T740, Jurukova Deultum 107, Draganov, Deultum 405, Varbanov II 2252, BMC Thrace -, SNG Cop -, aF, green patina, near centered on a tight flan, scratches, central dimples, weight 8.625 g, maximum diameter 24.4 mm, die axis 180o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, 13 Mar 222 - Feb/Mar 235 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse COL FL PAC DEVLT, the Three Graces standing facing with arms around each other; $50.00 (€47.00)
 


Greek Imperial Coins, Volume 2, Thrace (from Abdera to Pautalia)

|Greek| |Books|, |Greek| |Imperial| |Coins,| |Volume| |2,| |Thrace| |(from| |Abdera| |to| |Pautalia)|
 
BK23914. Greek Imperial Coins, volume 2, Thrace (from Abdera to Pautalia) by Ivan Varbanov, hardback, English edition, 5492 Coins, 471 pages, international shipping at actual cost of shipping; $100.00 (€94.00)
 


Maroneia, Thrace, Roman Rule, 146 - 45 B.C.

|Thrace|, |Maroneia,| |Thrace,| |Roman| |Rule,| |146| |-| |45| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
Wandering the world in a panther-drawn chariot, Dionysus rode ahead of the maenads and satyrs, who sang loudly and danced, flushed with wine. They were profusely garlanded with ivy and held the thyrsus, a staff topped with a pine-cone, a symbol of the immortality of his believers. Everywhere he went he taught men how to cultivate vines, and the mysteries of his cult. Whoever stood in his way and refused to revere him was punished with madness.
SH26988. Silver tetradrachm, BMC Thrace p. 128, 53; SNG Cop 637 ff. var. (monograms); SGCV I 1635 var. (same), gVF, weight 15.749 g, maximum diameter 32.1 mm, die axis 0o, Maroneia (Maroneia-Sapes, Greece) mint, 146 - 45 B.C.; obverse head of Dionysos right wreathed in ivy and grapes; reverse ΔIONYΣOY ΣΩTHPOΣ MAPONITΩN, Dionysos standing half left, nude, bunch of grapes in right, two narthex stalks and cloak in left, ΩΠΕ monogram lower left, EY monogram lower right; SOLD




  






REFERENCES

Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (London, 1992 - ).
Corpus Nummorum Thracorum - http://www.corpus-nummorum.eu/
Imhoof-Blumer, F. ed. Die antiken Münzen Nord-Griechenlands. (Berlin, 1898 - 1913).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints. (San Mateo, 1989).
Lindgren, H. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
Martini, R. Monetazione provinciale romana II: Collezione Winsemann Falghera. Glaux 8. (Milan, 1992).
Mionnet, T. Description de Médailles antiques grecques et romaines. (Paris, 1806-1837).
Mouchmov, N. Antichnitie Moneti na Balkanskitiia Poluostrov i Monetite Tsare. (1912).
Poole, R. ed. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Thrace, etc. (London, 1877).
Roman Provincial Coinage Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Austria, Klagenfurt, Landesmuseum für Kärnten, Sammlung Dreer, Part 3: Thracien-Macedonien-Päonien. (Klagenfurt, 1990).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 2: Macedonia and Thrace. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen, Part 2: Taurische Chersones - Korkyra. (Berlin, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain VII, Manchester University Museum. (London, 1986).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain IX, British Museum, Part 1: The Black Sea. (London, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XI, The William Stancomb Collection of Coins of the Black Sea Region. (Oxford, 2000).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, United States, The Collection of the ANS, Part 7: Macedonia 1 (Cities, Thraco-Macedonian Tribes, Paeonian kings). (New York, 1997).
Varbanov, I. Greek Imperial Coins And Their Values, Volume II: Thrace (from Abdera to Pautalia). (Bourgas, Bulgaria, 2005).
Varbanov, I. Greek Imperial Coins And Their Values, Volume III: Thrace (from Perinthus to Trajanopolis), Chersonesos Thraciae, Insula Thraciae, Macedonia. (Bourgas, Bulgaria, 2007).

Catalog current as of Tuesday, March 19, 2024.
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