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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Recovery of the Empire||View Options:   | | | |
Victory or Nike is seen with wings in most statues and paintings, with one of the most famous being the Winged Victory of Samothrace. Most other winged deities in the Greek pantheon had shed their wings by Classical times. Nike is the goddess of strength, speed, and victory. Nike was a very close acquaintance of Athena and is thought to have stood in Athena's outstretched hand in the statue of Athena located in the Parthenon. Victory or Nike is also one of the most commonly portrayed figures on Greek and Roman coins.RA112891. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 84, Cohen VI 93, SRCV III 12181, Hunter IV -, VF, well centered on broad flan, dark patina, scratches, weight 3.061 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Ticinum (Pavia, Italy) mint, Early September 282 - c. July or August 283 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIA AVG (the victory of the Emperor), Victory walking left, wreath in right hand, palm frond in left hand, PXXI in exergue;
Tacitus, 25 September 275 - June 276 A.D.
Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy, which the Romans considered good traits for a caesar or emperor. In 44 B.C., a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly at Julius Caesar's instigation. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following his civil war with Pompey from 49 B.C.RA112892. Billon aurelianus, MER-RIC T3988 (4 specimens), BnF XII 425, Cohen VI 20, RIC V-1 -, Hunter IV -, Choice aVF, well centered, dark green patina, weight 3.847 g, maximum diameter 21.8 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, Nov – Dec 275; obverse IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Mars in military dress standing right, holding spear in left hand, giving globe to Emperor standing left holding long scepter in left hand, A low center, KA in exergue; first example of this type handled by Forum, zero sales of this type recorded on Coin Archives in the last two decades; rare;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
Roma was a female deity who personified the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state. The earliest certain cult to dea Roma was established at Smyrna in 195 B.C., probably to mark the successful alliance against Antiochus III. In 30/29 B.C., the Koinon of Asia and Bithynia requested permission to honor Augustus as a living god. "Republican" Rome despised the worship of a living man, but an outright refusal might offend their loyal allies. A cautious formula was drawn up, non-Romans could only establish a cult for divus Augustus jointly with dea Roma. In the city of Rome itself, the earliest known state cult to dea Roma was combined with Venus at the Hadrianic Temple of Venus and Roma. This was the largest temple in the city, probably dedicated to inaugurate the reformed festival of Parilia, which was known thereafter as the Romaea after the Eastern festival in Roma's honor. The temple contained the seated, Hellenised image of dea Roma with a Palladium in her right hand to symbolize Rome's eternity.RA112893. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 737H; Cohen VI 556; Pink VI-1, p. 50; SRCV III -, aVF, well centered, green patina, scattered tiny pits, rev. a little rough, tiny edge cracks, weight 3.212 g, maximum diameter 22.4 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, 277 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate bust left in consular robe, eagle-tipped scepter in right; reverse ROMAE AETERNAE (to eternal Rome), hexastyle temple, statue of Roma seated left inside, Victory in her right hand, long scepter vertical in her left hand, shield leaning against seat, three steps, wreath on pediment, XXIS in exergue;
Severina, Augusta Spring 274 - November 275 A.D.
Severina was the wife of Aurelian. She was possibly the only Roman empress ever to rule in her own right, which she did during the interregnum after her husband's murder.RA112895. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 1813 (45 spec.), BnF XII 219 - 220, Venèra 1356 - 1374, Gloucester 178, Maravielle 92, RIC V-1 4, SRCV III 11705, Cohen VI 7, F, well centered, areas rough from corrosion, weight 3.364 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Rome mint, issue 11, early - Sep 275; obverse SEVERINA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on crescent; reverse CONCORDIAE MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing facing, head left, flanked by a standard in each hand, A (appearing as H) right, XXIR in exergue;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
Laetitia is the Roman goddess of gaiety and joy, her name deriving from the root word laeta, meaning happy. She is typically depicted on coinage with a wreath in her right hand, and a scepter, a rudder, or an anchor in her left hand.RA112576. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 31, Cohen VI 329, Bastien IX 172, SRCV III 11990, EF, well centered, traces of silvering, excellent portrait, struck with a worn reverse die, edge crack, weight 4.188 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 180o, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 276 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse LAETITIA AVGVSTI, Laetitia standing facing, head left, wreath in right hand, scepter in left hand, IIII in exergue; from the Collection of Dr. Jüregen Buschek, first specimen of this type handled by FORVM;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
In 280 A.D., Julius Saturninus, the governor of Syria, was declared emperor at Alexandria. He withdrew to Apamea where Probus besieged the city and put him to death.RA112578. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 323 (also 5th officina); RIC V-2 907C; Pink VI-1 p. 43; SRCV III 11968 var. (...PROBVS AVG); Cohen VI 173 var. (same), VF, well centered, some mild corrosion, weight 3.784 g, maximum diameter 23.7 mm, die axis 0o, 5th officina, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, emission 3, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CONCORDIA MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Victory on left, standing right, palm in left hand, with right hand presenting wreath to emperor, on right, standing left, holding spear in left hand, V low center, XXIMC in exergue; from the Collection of Dr. Jüregen Buschek;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
Probus started as a simple soldier but advanced to general and was declared emperor after the death of Tacitus. Florian's murder left him as undisputed ruler. His leadership brought peace and prosperity but he was murdered by mutinous soldiers, enraged at being employed on public building projects.RA111887. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 862, Cohen VI 655, SRCV III -, Hunter IV 303 var. (2nd officina), VF, much silvering remaining, weight 3.013 g, maximum diameter 23.8 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, 277 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, radiate bust left in consular robe, eagle-tipped scepter in right; reverse SOLI INVICTO (to the invincible sun god), Sol in a spread quadriga facing, radiate, cloak billowing out behind, raising right hand commanding sunrise, whip in left hand, KA•Δ• in exergue;
Tacitus, 25 September 275 - June 276 A.D.
Serdica prospered under Rome. Turrets, protective walls, public baths, administrative and cult buildings, a civic basilica and a large amphitheater were built. When Diocletian divided Dacia into Dacia Ripensis (on the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of Dacia Mediterranea. The city was destroyed by the Huns in 447, but was rebuilt by Justinian and surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. Although also often destroyed by the Slavs, the town remained under Byzantine dominion until 809. Serdica is today Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.RB111872. Billon antoninianus, MER-RIC 3897 (11 spec.), RIC V-1 192, BnF XII 1779, Cohen VI 26, La Venèra 2391, aVF, dark patina, scratches, porosity, tiny edge split, weight 3.425 g, maximum diameter 22.5 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, issue 2, early 276; obverse IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CONSERVAT MILIT, Mars on left, standing right, wearing helmet and military garb, holding spear in left hand, offering globe in right hand to Tacitus, Emperor on right, standing left, wearing military garb, receiving globe with right hand, long scepter or inverted spear in left hand, A in center, KA in exergue; ex Glen W Woods; scarce;
Numerian, February or March 283 - October or November 284 A.D.
Annona was worshiped in Rome as the goddess who prospered the year's supply of grain. She was represented on an altar in the capital. The three principal granaries of Rome were Sicily, Egypt, and the African provinces. Annona civilis was the grain which purchased each year by the Roman state, then imported and put into storage, reserved and distributed for the subsistence of the people. Annona militaris was grain appropriated to the use of an army during a campaign.RA23926. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 37, La Venèra IV 1400, RIC V-2 447, SRCV III 12253, Pink VI-2 p. 29, Cohen VI 83, aF, well centered, earthen encrustation, some corrosion, weight 3.513 g, maximum diameter 21.8 mm, die axis 0o, 6th officina, Ticinum (Pavia, Italy) mint, Feb/Mar 283 - Oct/Nov 284 A.D.; obverse IMP NVMERIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse PROVIDENT AVGG (the foresight of the two emperors), Providentia (Annona?) standing slightly right, head left, stalks of grain downward in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, modius at feet on left, VIXXI in exergue;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
In 279, Probus defeated the Burgundians and Vandals in Raetia and Pannonia (modern Switzerland and Hungary).RA110128. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 532, Cohen VI 120, Hunter IV -, SRCV III -, EF, well centered, some silvering, encrustations, weight 2.986 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 315o, 1st officina, Ticinum (Pavia, Italy) mint, 279 A.D.; obverse IMP C PROBVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse CONCORD MILIT (harmony with the soldiers), Concordia standing slightly left, head left, flanked by standard in each hand, AXXI in exergue;
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