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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Tetrarchy||View Options:   | | | |
This interesting reverse includes two sets of twin brothers; Romulus and Remus suckling the she-wolf are flanked by the Dioscuri twins Castor and Pollux, with their horses.RT111191. Billon follis, Hunter V 26 (also 4th officina), RIC VI Ostia 16, Cohen VII 10, SRCV IV 14976, EF, tight flan, weight 6.235 g, maximum diameter 25.4 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Ostia (port of Rome) mint, 308 - 310 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right, bare right shoulder from behind; reverse AETERNITAS AVG N, Castor and Pollux, each with star above cap, naked except chlamys over shoulder, leaning on scepter with outer arm, holding bridled horse with inner hand, she-wolf suckling twins in center, MOST∆ in exergue; from the Michael Arslan Collection; $130.00 (€131.30)
Maxentius, February 307 - 28 October 312 A.D.
Maxentius assumed power in a rebellion against Severus II, who had removed the tax exemptions enjoyed by residents of the city of Rome. The legend CONSERVATORES VRB SVAE declares Maxentius is the Savior of the City (Rome), protecting its customs and privileges. He invited his father, Maximinian, who had abdicated, to resume rule. Although declared a public enemy at the Conference of Carnutum, he ruled Italy until at the Battle of Milvian Bridge, when he fell and drowned in the Tiber. His army was defeated by Constantine.RT110724. Billon follis, Hunter V 17, RIC VI Roma 210, SRCV IV 15001, Cohen VII 52, VF, highlighting earthen deposits, centered on a tight flan, edge crack, weight 3.540 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Rome mint, 308 - 310 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right, bare right shoulder from behind; reverse CONSERVAT VRB SVAE (Guardian of the city traditions), Roma seated facing in ornate hexastyle temple, head left, holding globe in right hand, spear in left hand, shield at side to right, wreath in pediment, Victories as acroteria, RBQ in exergue; $80.00 (€80.80)
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
In 320, Licinius reneged on the religious freedom promised by the Edict of Milan, and began a new persecution of Christians in the Eastern Roman Empire. He imprisoned Christians, confiscated their properties and destroyed churches.RL110728. Billon centenionalis, Hunter V 57, RIC VII Aquileia 40 (R2) corr. (obv. legend), SRCV IV 15369, Cohen VII 187, Choice gVF, earthen encrusted as found, weight 3.297 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Aquileia mint, 320 A.D.; obverse IMP LICINIVS AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS EXERCIT (courage of the army), Vexillum inscribed VOT / X, flanked by two bound captives seated flanking base, S - F flanking banner, AQS in exergue; $60.00 (€60.60)
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
On 3 February 313, Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius met at a conference in Mediolanum (modern Milan). They issued the Edict of Milan, which established a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.RT110134. Billon follis, Hunter V 105 (also 1st officina), RIC VI Heraclea 73, SRCV IV 15240, Cohen VII 108, VF, broad flan, some silvering, flow lines, parts of legends weak, weight 3.505 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, early 313 A.D.; obverse IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG (to Jupiter the protector of the two emperors), Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, long scepter in left hand, eagle left with wreath in beak at feet on left, A right, SMHT in exergue; $80.00 (€80.80)
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
At the beginning of the 16th century nearly 20,000 Sephardic Jews immigrated to Greece from Spain following their expulsion. By 1519, 15,715 Jews lived in Thessaloniki, 54% of the population. After the Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 left 72,000 people homeless, unable to stay and survive, nearly half of the Jewish population emigrated to France, the United States and Palestine. On April 22, 1941, Thessaloniki fell to Nazi Germany. 50,000 Jews, 95% of the Jewish population, were sent to concentration camps where most were murdered in the gas chambers. Another 11,000 Jews were sent to forced labor camps, where most also perished. Only 1200 Jews live in the city today.RT110035. Billon follis, Hunter V 85 (also 1st officina), RIC VI Thessalonica 60, SRCV V 15251, gVF, thin flan with areas unstruck, green patina, well centered, weight 2.456 g, maximum diameter 24.7 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 312 - 313 A.D.; obverse IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN (to Jove the protector of our two Emperors), Jupiter standing slightly left, head left, nude but for cloak on left shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, long scepter in left hand, eagle with wreath in beak at feet on left, •TS•A• in exergue; $45.00 (€45.45)
Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
| The ruins of Antioch on the Orontes lie near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey. Founded near the end of the 4th century B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch's geographic, military and economic location, particularly the spice trade, the Silk Road, the Persian Royal Road, benefited its occupants, and eventually it rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East and as the main center of Hellenistic Judaism at the end of the Second Temple period. Antioch is called "the cradle of Christianity," for the pivotal early role it played in the emergence of the faith. It was one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis. Its residents are known as Antiochenes. Once a great metropolis of half a million people, it declined to insignificance during the Middle Ages because of warfare, repeated earthquakes and a change in trade routes following the Mongol conquests, which then no longer passed through Antioch from the far east. |  |
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D.
"This reverse is modeled after the famous statue of the Spirit of the Roman People in the Roman Forum. It is unclear when this statue was last seen as it is now lost. Although the coins celebrate a wide range of spirits (e.g., Rome, Augustus, the Army, etc.), the basic design comes from the same statue...The act of pouring the libation to the emperor illustrates what the Christians were required to do in order not to be persecuted." -- Roman Bronze Coins From Paganism to Christianity 294-364 A.D. by Victor FailmezgerRT90842. Billon follis, Hunter V 66 (also parallel ties and 3rd officina) RIC VI Alexandria 100a, SRCV IV 14730, Cohen VII 40, VF, dark patina, blue-green encrustations, weight 5.840 g, maximum diameter 25.5 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Alexandria mint, as caesar, late 308 - May 310 A.D.; obverse GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES, laureate head right, with parallel ties; reverse GENIO CAESARIS (to the guardian spirit of the prince), Genius standing slightly left, head left, kalathos on head, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, pouring liquor from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, K - P across field below center, Γ upper right, ALE in exergue; $27.00 (€27.27)
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D.
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.RT90845. Billon follis, Hunter V 62 (also 4th officina), RIC VI Alexandria 100a, SRCV IV 14730, Cohen VII 40, VF, centered, partial blue-green patina, weight 5.966 g, maximum diameter 25.6 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Alexandria mint, as caesar, c. late 308 - 310 A.D.; obverse GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES, laureate head right, parallel ties, pointed neck truncation; reverse GENIO CAESARIS, Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, K in left field, ∆ over P in the right field, ALE in exergue; $27.00 (€27.27)
Galerius, 1 March 305 - 5 May 311 A.D.
Galerius was caesar and a tetrarch under Maximianus. His capital was Sirmium (modern Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia). Although a talented general and administrator, Galerius is better known for his key role in the "Great Persecution" of Christians. He stopped the persecution under the condition that Christians pray for his return to health from a serious illness. Galerius died horribly shortly after at Serdica on 5 May 311. Maximinus and Licinius split his realm between them.RT90636. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Cyzicus 65, SRCV IV 14510, Cohen VII 40, Hunter V -, VF, green patina, well centered, light encrustations, part of edge ragged, weight 6.613 g, maximum diameter 23.4 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, Jan - 5 May 311 A.D.; obverse GAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse GENIO AVGVSTI (to the guardian spirit of the Emperor), Genius standing left, naked except for chlamys over shoulder, kalathos on head, cornucopia in left hand, patera in right, A left, three pellets right, MKV in exergue; $30.00 (€30.30)
Galerius, 1 March 305 - 5 May 311 A.D.
In 309 A.D., a plague, perhaps related to anthrax, spread across the Roman Empire, causing a drastic decline in the population.RT90637. Billon follis (large), Hunter V 12 (also 2nd officina), RIC VI Thessalonica 30a, SRCV IV 14507, Cohen VII 40, VF, centered, encrustations, weight 6.968 g, maximum diameter 25.6 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, c. 308 - 311 A.D.; obverse GAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse GENIO AVGVSTI (to the guardian spirit of the Emperor), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, star lower left, B right, S•M•TS in exergue; $28.00 (€28.28)
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