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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Tetrarchy||View Options:   | | | |
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.RB112729. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Heraclea 24b, SRCV IV 14542, Cohen VII 81, Hunter V 15 var. (5th officina), Choice VF, well centered, green patina, traces of silvering, porosity, edge crack/split, weight 8.367 g, maximum diameter 27.6 mm, die axis 180o, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, head laureate right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, HTΔ in exergue;
Galerius, 1 March 305 - 5 May 311 A.D.
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other. RT112738. Billon follis, RIC VI Serdica p. 499, 35; SRCV IV 14506, Cohen VII 40, Hunter V p. 62, 8 var. (3rd officina), Choice VF, well centered, green patina, light porosity, weight 5.735 g, maximum diameter 26.5 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, late 307 - 308 A.D.; obverse GAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse GENIO AVGVSTI (to the guardian spirit of the Emperor), Genius standing half left, kalathos on head, nude but for chlamys over left shoulder, pouring offering from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, star lower left, B right, •SM•SD• in exergue;
Maxentius, February 307 - 28 October 312 A.D.
On 11 November 308, attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, at the Congress of Carnuntum, the Tetrarchy declared Maxentius a public enemy, Licinius was proclaimed Augustus, and Constantine I was made Caesar of Britain and Gaul.RT111555. Billon follis, RIC VI Ostia p. 404, 35; Cohen VII p. 166, 5; SRCV IV 14975; cf. Hunter V p. 113, 26 (1st officina), EF, centered on a tight flan, black tone, small die break below eye, weight 5.103 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Ostia (port of Rome) mint, 309 - 28 Oct 312 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right, bare right shoulder from behind; reverse AETERNITAS AVG N, Castor and Pollux standing facing, heads turned inward, naked except for cap and chlamys over shoulder, each leaning on scepter with outer arm, each holding bridled horse with inner hand, MOSTS in exergue; ex Numismatik Naumann auction 124 (8 Jan 2023), lot 946 (part of);
Maxentius, February 307 - 28 October 312 A.D.
Ostia, at the mouth of the Tiber was the sea port for the city of Rome, providing Rome an easy means to enjoying all the riches of foreign lands. Its excellent baths, its good cheer and its healthy site, fanned by the breezes of the Mediterranean, made Ostia a favorite resort with the pleasure-loving Romans. The mint was transferred to Ostia from Carthage and then transferred from Ostia to Arelate. Mint dates of operation 308 - 313 A.D. Mintmarks: MOST, OST.RT111556. Billon follis, Hunter V p. 113, 32 (also 4th officina), RIC VI Ostia p. 404, 35; Cohen VII p. 166, 5; SRCV IV 14975, EF, near black tone, oval flan, slightest porosity, weight 7.292 g, maximum diameter 26.5 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Ostia (port of Rome) mint, 309 - 28 Oct 312 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse AETERNITAS AVG N, Castor and Pollux, each with star above cap, naked except chlamys over shoulder, leaning on scepter with outer arm, holding bridled horse with inner hand, MOSTQ in exergue; ex Numismatik Naumann auction 124 (8 Jan 2023), lot 946 (part of);
Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
When Diocletian split Pannonia into four provinces, Siscia became the capital of Pannonia Savia. It contained the mint and treasury, and was the station of the small fleet kept on the Savus. Siscia maintained its importance until Sirmium began to rise, for in proportion as Sirmium rose, Siscia declined.RA112722. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 p. 288, 585; SRCV IV 13179; Cohen VI 545; Hunter IV - (p. clxxxix), Choice gVF, centered, some slivering, weight 3.939 g, maximum diameter 23.4 mm, die axis 180o, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, c. 286 - 288 A.D.; obverse IMP C M A VAL MAXIMIANVS P AVG, radiate head right; reverse VICTORIA AVGG (victory of the two emperors), Maximian (on left) and Diocletian standing confronted, both wear military garb, receiving victory on globe from Diocletian with right hand, Maximian holds scepter in left hand, Diocletian holds a transverse spear in left hand, B low center, XXI in exergue;
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D.
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Roman People, etc. The legend GENIO IMPERATORIS dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Imperators. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.RT113201. Billon follis, Hunter V p. 102, 60 (also 6th officina); RIC VI Antiochia p. 636, 133c; Cohen VII p. 147, 55; SRCV IV 14851, Choice gVF, well centered, attractive Syrian desert patina, weight 6.546 g, maximum diameter 23.7 mm, die axis 0o, 6th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 310 A.D.; obverse IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMINVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse GENIO IMPERATORIS (to the guardian spirit of the Emperor as Commander in Chief), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, altar at feet on left, star upper left, S right, ANT in exergue; from the Michael Arslan Collection, ex Sol Numismatik auction XVI (5 Aug 2023), lot 478;
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
In early in December 316, to ensure his loyalty, Licinius elevated Aurelius Valerius Valens, the dux limitis (duke of the frontier) in Dacia, to the rank of Augustus. According to Petrus Patricius, when Constantine learned of this "The emperor made clear the extent of his rage by his facial expression and by the contortion of his body. Almost unable to speak, he said, 'We have not come to this present state of affairs, nor have we fought and triumphed from the ocean till where we have now arrived, just so that we should refuse to have our own brother-in-law as joint ruler because of his abominable behavior, and so that we should deny his close kinship, but accept that vile slave [Valens] with him into imperial college.'" The treaty between Constantine and Licinius was concluded at Serdica on 1 March, 317. Whether it was part of that agreement is unknown, but Licinius had Valens executed.RT113175. Billon follis, RIC VII Siscia 8 (R1), SRCV IV 15211, Cohen VII 65; Hunter V 69 var. (1st officina), Choice gVF, full legends, dark patina, weight 3.129 g, maximum diameter 21.1 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, 313 - 315 A.D.; obverse IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, Victory offering wreath standing right on globe in his right hand, long scepter in left hand, eagle left with head right and wreath in beak at feet on left, B right, SIS in exergue; from the Michael Arslan Collection, ex Sol Numismatik auction XVI (5 Aug 2023), lot 476; scarce;
Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
In 305 A.D. the capital of the Western Empire was moved from Rome to Milan.RT113191. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Roma 111b, SRCV IV 13291, Cohen VI 502, Hunter V -, Choice gVF, well centered, dark patina, highlighting deposits, flan split/crack, weight 9.721 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Rome mint, 303 - 305 A.D.; obverse IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse SAC MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN, Moneta standing slightly left, head left, scales in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, R crescent S in exergue; from the Michael Arslan Collection;
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
On 3 July 324, at Adrianople, Constantine defeated Licinius forcing him to retreat to Byzantium. Crispus destroyed Licinius' fleet at the Battle of Hellespont in the Dardanelles, allowing his father to cross over the Bosporus and besiege Licinius. On 18 September, Constantine I decisively defeated Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis and became sole emperor.RT112896. Billon follis, Hunter V 118 (also 2nd officina), RIC VII Heraclea 52 (R1), SRCV IV 15222, Cohen VII 74, Choice gVF, earthen deposits, weight 3.437 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 321 - 324 A.D.; obverse IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing slightly left, head left, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right hand, long eagle-topped scepter vertical behind in left, at feet captive right and eagle with wreath in beak left, X/IIΓ right, SMHB in exergue;
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D.
On 11 November 308, attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, at the Congress of Carnuntum, the Tetrarchy declared Maxentius a public enemy, Licinius was proclaimed Augustus, and Constantine I was made Caesar of Britain and Gaul.RT112564. Billon follis (large), Hunter V 20 (also 2nd officina), RIC VI Heraclea 36, SRCV IV 14721, Cohen VII 40, Choice aVF, full border centering on a broad flan, mild porosity, centers weakly struck, weight 8.352 g, maximum diameter 28.9 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 308 - 309 A.D.; obverse GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; reverse GENIO CAESARIS (to the guardian spirit of the prince), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, •HTB• in exergue; from the Collection of Dr. Jüregen Buschek;
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