From 1722 to 1735 (1135 - 1148 AH), the Ottomans occupied parts of northwestern Iran, as well as Armenia, Georgia and Tabriz. Sultan Ahmed III was curious and intellectual in nature, spending most of his time reading and practicing calligraphy. His poems manifest profound knowledge of poetry, history, Islamic theology and philosophy. After wars with Russia, Venice and Austria, his grand vizier, Ibrahim Pasha, determined limited finances necessitated avoiding war as much as possible. This suited Ahmed since he had no wish to lead military campaigns, and his interest in art and culture made him reluctant to leave Istanbul. Ahmed became unpopular due to the excessive pomp and costly luxury in which he and his principal officers indulged. On 20 September 1730, a riot of citizens and military, lead by Janissaries, swelled into an insurrection. Ahmed voluntarily led his nephew Mahmud I to the seat of sovereignty and paid allegiance to him as the new Sultan of the Empire. He then retired and died at Topkapi Palace after six years of confinement. |