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    View Categories Home > Catalog > |Roman Coins| > |Roman Republic| > |99-50 B.C.| > RR98392
Roman Republic, L. Papius, 79 B.C.
|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |L.| |Papius,| |79| |B.C.|, In Roman mythology, Juno was the daughter of Saturn and the wife of Jupiter and she had many attributes. Among these was Juno Sospita, who offered protection to women, accompanying them throughout their lives from birth to death. Women called upon her to aid in conception. Juno Sospita was characterized by her goatskin coat and headdress with the horns of a goat. The control marks on this type are normally paired related symbols. Each pair has only one set of dies.
RR98392. Silver denarius serratus, BMCRR I 3070 (same controls); Crawford 384/1, pl. LXVI 94; Sydenham 773; RSC I Papia 1; SRCV I 311, aVF, toned, bumps and scratches, banker's marks, Rome mint, weight 3.705g, maximum diameter 18.7mm, die axis 0o, 79 B.C.; obverse head of Juno Sospita right, clad in goat's skin, spindle (control symbol) behind, bead and reel border, bankers marks under ear and to right; reverse Griffin leaping right, distaff (control symbol) below, L·PAPI in exergue, bead and reel border; SOLD












The first ancient reference of religious ceremonies for the 12 Olympians is found in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes.

There was a great deal of fluidity when it came to who was counted among their number in antiquity. Around 400 B.C. Herodorus included in his Dodekatheon the following deities: Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Athena, Hermes, Apollo, Alpheus, Cronus, Rhea and the Charites. Herodotus includes Heracles as one of the Twelve.

Lucian also includes Heracles, and also includes Asklepios, as members of the Twelve, without explaining which two had to give way for them. At Kos, Heracles and Dionysus are added to the Twelve, and Ares and Hephaestus are left behind. However, Pindar, Apollodorus, and Herodorus disagree with this. For them Heracles is not one of the Twelve Gods, but the one who established their cult.

Plato connected the Twelve Olympians with the twelve months, and proposed that the final month be devoted to rites in honor of Pluto and the spirits of the dead, implying that he considered Hades, one of the basic chthonic deities, to be one of the Twelve. Hades is phased out in later groupings due to his chthonic associations. In Phaedrus Plato aligns the Twelve with the Zodiac and would exclude Hestia from their rank.

Hestia is sometimes displaced by Dionysus. Hebe, Helios and Persephone are other important gods, goddesses, which are sometimes included in a group of twelve.

The Twelve Olympians gained their supremacy in the world of gods after Zeus led his siblings to victory in war with the Titans. Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Hestia, and Hades were siblings. Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, the Charites, Heracles, Dionysus, Hebe, and Persephone were children of Zeus. Although some versions of the myth state that Hephaestus was born of Hera alone.


Catalog current as of Thursday, April 18, 2024.
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