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Marcus Aurelius, 7 Mar 161 - 17 Mar 180 A.D., Hierapolis, Cyrrhestica, Syria
The modern name Manbij is very similar to the original Aramean name, Mnbg. It was part of the kingdom of Bit Adini before it was annexed by the Assyrians in 856 B.C. It fell to Alexander and later prospered under the Seleucids who made it the chief station between Antioch and Seleucia on the Tigris. It was refounded as Hieropolis by Eumenes II of Pergamon in 190 B.C. Crassus sacked the temple on his way to meet the Parthians in 53 B.C. In the 3rd century, the city was the capital of Euphratensis province and one of the great cities of Syria. It was, however, in a ruinous state when Julian gathered his troops there before marching to his defeat and death in Mesopotamia. Sassanid Emperor Khosrau I held it for ransom after the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I failed to defend it. The Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid restored it at the end of the 8th century, making it the capital of al-Awasim province. Afterward, the city became a point of contention between the Byzantines, Arabs, and Turks. The crusaders captured it from the Seljuks in the 12th century, but Ayyubid Sultan Saladin retook it in 1175. Manbij later became the headquarters of Hulagu and his Mongols, who destroyed it. The remains of ancient Manbij are extensive, but almost wholly of late date, as is to be expected in the case of a city which survived into Muslim times. The walls were built by the Arabs, and no ruins of the great temple survive.RP98023. Bronze AE 24, cf. BMC Galatia p. 142, 30; SNG Righetti 1877; SNG Hunterian II 2680; SNG Cop 58; Butcher p449, 46a; RPC Online IV.3 T6987, VF, attractive portrait, slightly off center, light deposits, light corrosion, Hierapolis-Bambyce (Manbij, Syria) mint, weight 10.073g, maximum diameter 23.5mm, die axis 0o, 161 - 180 A.D.; obverse AY K M AYPHΛI - ANTWNEINOC (or similar, right side off flan), laureate, bearded head right; reverse ΘEAC CYPI/AC IEPOΠO / Θ (Holy City of the Syrian Goddess) in three lines within laurel wreath; ex Naville Numismatics auction 32 (18 Jun 2017), lot 207; SOLD
OBVERSE LEGENDS
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