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Tranquillina, Augusta, Wife of Gordian III, May 241 - 25 February 244 A.D., Tarsus, Cilicia
Tranquillina was the beautiful daughter of the faithful praetorian prefect Timisitheus. Greatly loved by her husband, she survived his assassination, possibly due to her popularity with the general population and the soldiers. Sandan was a Hittite-Babylonian sun, storm, or warrior god, also perhaps associated with agriculture. The Greeks equated Sandan with Herakles (Hercules). At Tarsus an annual festival honored Sandan-Herakles, which climaxed when an image of the god was burned on a funeral pyre.
The inscription A M K Γ B is a boast of Tarsos meaning, "First (A is the Greek 1), Greatest (Mεγιστη), and Most Beautiful (Kαλλιστη) city of the three (Γ is the Greek 3) adjoining provinces (Cilicia, Isauria, Lycaonia), and holder of two (B is the Greek 2) neokorie (temples dedicated to the imperial cult)." On this obverse die, the A was omitted.
RP97263. Bronze AE 29, RPC Online VII.2 U3452; BMC Lycaonia p. 221, 293; SNG BnF 1727; SNGvA 6057; SNG Leypold 2691; SNG Pfalz 1422; SNG Delepierre 1728; SNG Hunt 2346, Fair, brown tone, porous, Tarsos (Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey) mint, weight 11.760g, maximum diameter 28.8mm, die axis 0o, May 241 - 25 Feb 244 A.D.; obverse CABEINIAN TPANKVIΛΛEINAN CEB, draped bust right, wearing stephane; reverse TAPCOV MH TPOΠOΛEΩC, pyramidal pyre of Sandan, Sandan within standing left on the back of a horned lion standing left, pyre surmounted by an eagle, M / K inner left, B / Γ inner right, the pyre and inscriptions covered by an arching canopy supported by two figures wearing Phrygian caps; ex Zeus Numismatics auction 11 (1 Aug 2020), lot 421; SOLD
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