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Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was struck to support Rome in the Social War against the Marsic Confederation, the Marsi, Peligni, Piceni, Vestini, Samnites, Frentani, Marrucini, and Lucani. Despite making up over half the Roman army, the Italians had been denied Roman citizenship and denied a fair share of the booty and lands taken in Rome's conquests. In 91 B.C., they rebelled with an army of 100,000 battle-hardened soldiers, most Roman army veterans. In 90 B.C., Rome only just managed to stave off total defeat. After some Roman victories and citizenship concessions, the war was nearly over by 88 B.C. The type has numerous variations and control marks, indicating the enormity of the issue. The head of Apollo and the horseman refer to the Ludi Apollinares, games which were first held in 212 B.C. The following year, the praetor C. Calpurnius Piso, an ancestor of this moneyer, made the games a permanent annual event to honor of Apollo to maintain his support of the public health.RR97227. Silver denarius, BMCRR Rome 1930 (same dies), Russo RBW 1255, RSC I Calpurnia 12, Crawford 340/1, Sydenham 661, SRCV I 235, Choice gVF, mint luster, radiating flow lines, light toning, mild die wear, Rome mint, weight 3.900g, maximum diameter 18.4mm, die axis 180o, 90 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Apollo right, hair in ringlets, ↓XXXXVII (control number = 97) downward behind; reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, CXV (control number = 115) above, L PISO FRVGI over ROMA monogram below; ex Numismatik Naumann auction 92 (2 Aug 2020), lot 659; SOLD
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