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    View Categories Home > Catalog > |Roman Coins| > |The Imperators| > |Pompeians| > RR96733
Roman Republic, Sextus Pompey, Imperator and Prefect of the Fleet, Executed 35 B.C.
|Pompeians|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Sextus| |Pompey,| |Imperator| |and| |Prefect| |of| |the| |Fleet,| |Executed| |35| |B.C.|, Struck by Sextus Pompey after his victory over Salvidienus and relates to his acclamation as the Son of Neptune. The inscription PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT abbreviates Praefectus Classis et Orae Maritimae, which translates Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet and the Sea Coasts. This title was held by both Pompey the Great and his son Sextus Pompey. Although Sextus Pompey was the supreme naval commander, Octavian had the Senate declare him a public enemy. He turned to piracy and came close to defeating Octavian. He was defeated by Marcus Agrippa at the naval battle of Naulochus on 3 September 36 B.C. and was executed by order of Mark Antony in 35 B.C.
RR96733. Silver denarius, Crawford 511/2a, RSC I Sextus Pompey 1b, Sydenham 1347, BMCRR Sicily 15, Sear CRI 333, SRCV I 1391, aVF, toned, tight flan cutting off much of legends, a little flatly struck, bumps, scratches, banker's marks, Sicilian mint, weight 3.561g, maximum diameter 16.2mm, die axis 0o, 42 - 40 B.C.; obverse MAG PIVS IMP ITER, diademed head of Neptune right, long hair and beard, trident over shoulder; reverse PRAEF CLAS ET ORAE MARIT EX S C (AE and MAR ligate), naval trophy of captured arms placed on anchor, trident head above, components of the trophy include helmet, cuirass, stem of prow and apluster for arms, the heads of Scylla and Charybdis at base; scarce; SOLD












The first ancient reference of religious ceremonies for the 12 Olympians is found in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes.

There was a great deal of fluidity when it came to who was counted among their number in antiquity. Around 400 B.C. Herodorus included in his Dodekatheon the following deities: Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Athena, Hermes, Apollo, Alpheus, Cronus, Rhea and the Charites. Herodotus includes Heracles as one of the Twelve.

Lucian also includes Heracles, and also includes Asklepios, as members of the Twelve, without explaining which two had to give way for them. At Kos, Heracles and Dionysus are added to the Twelve, and Ares and Hephaestus are left behind. However, Pindar, Apollodorus, and Herodorus disagree with this. For them Heracles is not one of the Twelve Gods, but the one who established their cult.

Plato connected the Twelve Olympians with the twelve months, and proposed that the final month be devoted to rites in honor of Pluto and the spirits of the dead, implying that he considered Hades, one of the basic chthonic deities, to be one of the Twelve. Hades is phased out in later groupings due to his chthonic associations. In Phaedrus Plato aligns the Twelve with the Zodiac and would exclude Hestia from their rank.

Hestia is sometimes displaced by Dionysus. Hebe, Helios and Persephone are other important gods, goddesses, which are sometimes included in a group of twelve.

The Twelve Olympians gained their supremacy in the world of gods after Zeus led his siblings to victory in war with the Titans. Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Hestia, and Hades were siblings. Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, the Charites, Heracles, Dionysus, Hebe, and Persephone were children of Zeus. Although some versions of the myth state that Hephaestus was born of Hera alone.


Catalog current as of Tuesday, April 23, 2024.
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