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Seleukid Kingdom, Antiochus III the Great, 223 - 187 B.C.
At the age of eighteen, Antiochus III inherited a disorganized state. Much of Anatolia had been lost and the easternmost provinces had revolted and broken away. After some initial defeats, Antiochus took Judaea from Ptolemaic Egypt and then conquered Anatolia, earning him the epithet "the Great." In 192 B.C. Antiochus invaded Greece with a 10,000-man army, and was elected the commander in chief of the Aetolian League. In 191 B.C., however, the Romans routed him at Thermopylae, forcing him to withdraw to Anatolia. The Romans followed up by invading Anatolia and defeating him again. By the Treaty of Apamea 188 B.C., Antiochus abandoned all territory north and west of the Taurus, most of which the Roman Republic gave either to Rhodes or to the Attalid ruler Eumenes II, its allies. Many Greek cities were left free. As a consequence of this blow to the Seleucid power, the provinces which had recovered by Antiochus, reasserted their independence. Antiochus mounted a fresh eastern expedition. He died while pillaging a temple of Bel at Elymaïs, Persia, in 187 B.C.GY96476. Silver tetradrachm, SNG Spaer 730 (same dies); Houghton-Lorber I 1115c; Mørkholm AA XXXVI p. 130, 15; Newell WSM 877; HGC 9 447z (S), VF, high relief portrait, many tiny wedge shaped punches, light marks and scratches, E. Syria or N. Mesopotamia, ΠA mint, weight 16.690g, maximum diameter 28.8mm, die axis 0o, c. 204 - 197 B.C.; obverse Antiochos diademed head right, middle aged portrait with receding hairline, fillet border; reverse Apollo naked seated left on omphalos, examining arrow in right hand, resting left hand on bow grounded behind, right foot drawn back, BAΣIΛEΩΣ (king) downward on right, ANTIO-XOY downward on left, ΠA monogram upper inner left, N⅃ monogram upper inner right; ex Leu Numismatik web auction 12 (31 May 2020), lot 2002 (part of); SOLD
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