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   View Categories Home > Catalog > |Greek Coins| > |Geographic - All Periods| > |Phoenicia| > RP96396
Valerian I, October 253 - c. June 260 A.D., Tyre, Phoenicia
|Phoenicia|, |Valerian| |I,| |October| |253| |-| |c.| |June| |260| |A.D.,| |Tyre,| |Phoenicia|, Romans refounded Tyre as a colony in 64 B.C., when Pompey annexed Phoenicia to the Roman Empire. Tyre flourished under the Rome and remained a Roman port city, even under the Byzantine Empire, until the 7th century when it was taken by Muslim conquest.
RP96396. Bronze dichalkon, BMC Phoenicia p. 289, 465 var. (murex shell on right); Rouvier -; Baramki AUB -; SNG Hunt -; SNG Cop -, F, rough dark green patina, earthen deposits, Phoenicia, Tyre (Lebanon) mint, weight 16.345g, maximum diameter 27.5mm, die axis 0o, Oct 253 - Jun 260 A.D.; obverse IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG, laureate bust right; reverse COL TVRO METR, river-god (Adonis?) standing facing, head left, nude to waist, himation around hips and legs, right hand dropping incense on flaming altar at her feet on left, long grounded reed vertical in left hand, murex shell on left; from the J. Berlin Caesarea Collection, 1971 Caesarea Maritima surface find; Coin Archives records only one specimen of the type at auction in the last two decades; extremely rare; SOLD












Caesarea began as Straton's Tower, a small naval station founded by the king of Sidon, c. 360 B.C. Alexander Jannaeus captured it in 90 B.C. The Romans declared it an autonomous city in 63 B.C.

Herod renamed the the pagan city Caesarea in honor of Caesar Augustus. He built there one of the most impressive harbors of its time, storerooms, markets, roads, baths, temples, public buildings and a palace. When Judea became a Roman province in 6 A.D., Caesarea Maritima replaced Jerusalem as its capital and was the residence of governors, including the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate.

It was at Caesarea that Peter baptized Cornelius the Centurion, the first Christian baptism of Gentiles. Paul visited Caesarea several times and was a prisoner there for two years before being sent to Rome. In 70 A.D., after the Jewish Revolt was suppressed, about 2,500 Jewish captives lost their lives in gladiatorial games at Caesarea.

Caesarea became the capital of Byzantine Palaestina Prima in 390. It fell to Sassanid Persia in in 614, was re-conquered by Byzantium in 625, then lost for good by the Byzantines to the Muslim conquest in 640. The population fell and the harbor silted up and was unusable by the 9th century.

By 1047 the town was redeveloped, when Nasir-i-Khusraw described it as, "a fine city, with running waters, and palm-gardens, and orange and citron trees. Its walls are strong, and it has an iron gate."Caesarea was taken by Baldwin I in the First Crusade, in 1101. Saladin retook the city in 1187, but it was recaptured by the Europeans during the Third Crusade in 1191. In 1265, the Mamluks destroyed it completely to prevent its re-emergence as a Crusader stronghold.

In 1952, a Jewish town of Caesarea was established near the ruins. The ruins of the ancient city, on the coast about 2 km south of modern Caesarea, were excavated in the 1950s and 1960s and the site was incorporated into the new Caesarea National Park in 2011.

Catalog current as of Friday, March 29, 2024.
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