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    View Categories Home > Catalog > |Roman Coins| > |Roman Republic| > |99-50 B.C.| > RR94302
Roman Republic, Second Triumvirate, P. Clodius M.f. Turrinus, 42 B.C.
|99-50| |B.C.|, |Roman| |Republic,| |Second| |Triumvirate,| |P.| |Clodius| |M.f.| |Turrinus,| |42| |B.C.|, This coin refers to the Sabine origin of the moneyer's family, worship of Diana was introduced into Rome by the Sabines.

Lucifer means lightbringer, from the Latin lux light and ferre to bear or bring. The word Lucifer is found in only one place in the Bible -- Isaiah 14:12 -- but only in the King James and related versions: How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! The King James Version is based on the Vulgate, the Latin translation of Jerome. Jerome translated the Hebrew helel (bright or brilliant one) as lucifer, which was a reasonable Latin equivalent. And yet it is this lucifer, the bright one or lightbearer, that came to be understood by so many as the name for Satan, Lord of Darkness.
RR94302. Silver denarius, Crawford 494/23, RSC I Claudia 15, Sydenham 1117, BMCRR I Rome 4287, Russo RBW 1727, Sear CRI 184, SRCV I 492, VF, full border centering on a broad flan, nice style, areas a little weakly struck, banker's mark, tiny edge cracks, Rome mint, weight 3.845g, maximum diameter 19.9mm, die axis 180o, c. 42 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Apollo right, kithara (lyre) behind; reverse Diana Lucifera (the light bringer) standing slightly right, head right, with bow and quiver over shoulder, holding two long lit torches, M•F• left, P•CLODIVS right; ex Roma Numismatics e-sale 63 (7 Nov 2019), lot number 668; SOLD










REFERENCES

Babelon, E. Monnaies de la Republique Romaine. (Paris, 1885).
Banti, A. & L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Florence, 1972-1979
Bertol, A. & K Farac. "Aes rude and aes formatum - a new typology" in VAMZ, 3. s., XLV (2012).
Carson, R. Principal Coins of the Romans, Vol. I: The Republic, c. 290-31 BC. (London, 1978).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 1: Pompey to Domitian. (Paris, 1880).
Crawford, M. "Paestum and Rome: The form and function of a subsidiary coinage" in La monetazione di bronzo do Poseidonia-Paestum. Annali 18-19 Supp. (Naples, 1971).
Crawford, M. Roman Republican Coinage. (Cambridge, 1974).
Grueber, H. Coins of the Roman Republic in The British Museum. (London, 1910).
Haeberlin, E. Aes Grave. Das Schwergeld Roms und Mittelitaliens. (Frankfurt, 1910).
Hoover, O. Handbook of Coins of Sicily (including Lipara), Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues, Sixth to First Centuries BC. HGC 2. (Lancaster, PA, 2011).
Berger, F. Die Münzen der Römischen Republik im Kestner-Museum Hannover. (Hannover, 1989).
McCabe, A. "The Anonymous Struck Bronze Coinage of the Roman Republic: A Provisional Arrangement" in Essays Russo.
Russo, R. The RBW Collection of Roman Republican Coins. (Zurich, 2013).
Rutter, N. ed. Historia Numorum. Italy. (London, 2001).
Seaby, H., D. Sear, & R. Loosley. Roman Silver Coins, Volume I, The Republic to Augustus. (London, 1989).
Sear, D. The History and Coinage of the Roman Imperators 49 - 27 BC. (London, 1998).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Volume One, The Republic and the Twelve Caesars 280 BC - AD 86. (London, 2000).
Stannard, C. The local coinages of Central Italy in the late Roman Republic: provisional catalogue, Oct 2007.
Sydenham, E. Aes Grave, a Study of the Cast Coinages of Rome and Central Italy. (London, 1926).
Sydenham, E. The Coinage of the Roman Republic. (London, 1952).
Thurlow, B. & I. Vecchi. Italian Cast Coinage. (Dorchester, 1979).
Vecchi, I. Italian Cast Coinage. (London, 2013).


Early Roman Republic Pre-Coinage and Coin Types

Bronze Pre-Coinage and Cast Coin Types
Aes Rude, c. 5th - 4th Century B.C.
Cast Aes Formatum, c. 4th - Early 3rd Century B.C.
Cast Aes Signatum, c. 289 - 241 B.C.
Cast Aes Grave Coinage, c. 280 - 211 B.C.
- Varied Obverse and Reverse Types, c. 280 - 225 B.C.
- Standardized Types With Prow Reverse, c. 225 - 211 B.C.

Pre-Reform Stuck Coin Types
Pre-Reform Struck Gold Coinage, c. 217 - 216 B.C.
Pre-Denarius Struck Silver Coinage, c. 280 - 211 B.C.
Struck Bronze Litra Coinage, c. 273 - 225 B.C.
Pre-Reform Struck Bronze Coinage, c. 217 - 211 B.C.

Catalog current as of Wednesday, April 17, 2024.
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