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Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator, 51 - 30 B.C.
Cleopatra VII originally shared power with her father Ptolemy XII and later with her brother-husbands Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. Her relationship with Julius Caesar led to sole rule. After Caesar's assassination, she aligned with Mark Antony. Her reign marks the end of the Hellenistic Era and the beginning of the Roman Era. She was the last Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Click to see a video demonstration recreating Cleopatra's hairstyle. SL93404. Bronze diobol, Svoronos 1871; Weiser 183; Noeske 380; SNG Cop 419; SNG Milan 428; BMC Ptolemies p. 123, 4; Hosking 166; Malter 284; SGCV II 7955, NGC Ch F, strike 4/5, surface 5/5 (2416171-006), Alexandria mint, weight 20.612g, maximum diameter 27.0mm, die axis 0o, 50 - 31 B.C.; obverse diademed bust of Cleopatra right, with characteristic melon coif hairstyle; reverse KΛEOΠATPAΣ BAXIΛICCHC, eagle standing left on thunderbolt, head left, wings closed, cornucopia left, Π (80 drachms) right; from the Errett Bishop Collection, ex Numismatic Art and Ancient Coins; NGC| Lookup; SOLD
A few quotes from Errett Albert Bishop...
| "Mathematics is common sense." "The real numbers, for certain purposes, are too thin. Many beautiful phenomena become fully visible only when the complex numbers are brought to the fore." (Bishop 1967, Ch. 5, Complex Analysis, p. 113) "The primary concern of mathematics is number, and this means the positive integers...In the words of Kronecker, the positive integers were created by God. Kronecker would have expressed it even better if he had said that the positive integers were created by God for the benefit of man (and other finite beings). Mathematics belongs to man, not to God. We are not interested in properties of the positive integers that have no descriptive meaning for finite man. When a man proves a positive integer to exist, he should show how to find it. If God has mathematics of his own that needs to be done, let him do it himself." (Bishop 1967, Ch. 1, A Constructivist Manifesto, p. 2) Errett Bishop, Jane Bishop and Rover are in the photograph right. |  |
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