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Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D.
Roma was a female deity who personified the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state. The earliest certain cult to dea Roma was established at Smyrna in 195 B.C., probably to mark the successful alliance against Antiochus III. In 30/29 B.C., the Koinon of Asia and Bithynia requested permission to honor Augustus as a living god. "Republican" Rome despised the worship of a living man, but an outright refusal might offend their loyal allies. A cautious formula was drawn up, non-Romans could only establish a cult for divus Augustus jointly with dea Roma. In the city of Rome itself, the earliest known state cult to dea Roma was combined with Venus at the Hadrianic Temple of Venus and Roma. This was the largest temple in the city, probably dedicated to inaugurate the reformed festival of Parilia, which was known thereafter as the Romaea after the Eastern festival in Roma's honor. The temple contained the seated, Hellenised image of dea Roma with a Palladium in her right hand to symbolize Rome's eternity.RS92422. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 544, BMCRE III 141, RSC II 1103a, Strack II 121, SRCV II 3519, VF, well centered, old collection toning, flow lines, scratches and bumps, Rome mint, weight 3.239g, maximum diameter 18.4mm, die axis 180o, 123 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right; reverse P M TR P COS III, Roma seated left on cuirass, shield at her side behind, Victory in right hand, vertical spear in left hand; from the Errett Bishop Collection; SOLD
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