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    View Categories Home > Catalog > |Themes & Provenance| > |Numismatics| > |Countermarked| > CM91168
Agrippa, Struck Under his Grandson Caligula, 38 A.D.; Countermark: Moesia or Thrace, Civil War, 68 - 69 A.D.
|Countermarked|, |Agrippa,| |Struck| |Under| |his| |Grandson| |Caligula,| |38| |A.D.;| |Countermark:| |Moesia| |or| |Thrace,| |Civil| |War,| |68| |-| |69| |A.D.|, Pangerl (Pangerl 87) attributes this P R countermark to Moesia or Thrace and dates it to the Roman civil war of 68 - 69 A.D. He interprets it to abbreviate Populus Romanus. Howgego (Howgego 599) lists a contemporary P R countermark (sometimes retrograde) that was applied in Syria, probably at Antioch. These use of P R was almost certainly intended to suggest the support of the people of the Roman Empire for the revolt of Galba and Vindex.
CM91168. Copper as, RIC I Gaius 58, BMCRE II Tiberius 161, BnF II Caligula 77, Hunter I 1, Cohen I 3, SRCV I 1812; Countermark: Pangerl 87 (Moesia or Thrace, 68 - 69), coin: aF; countermark: VF, right edge punch appears to have been broken, Rome mint, weight 8.946g, maximum diameter 27.9mm, die axis 180o, coin: 38, countermark: c. 68 - 69; obverse M AGRIPPA L F COS III, head left wearing a rostral crown; countermark: P R (Populi Romani - People of Rome) in a rectangular punch; reverse Neptune standing facing, head left, nude but for cloak draped over arms, dolphin in right hand, trident vertical in left hand, large S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; scarce countermark; SOLD










OBVERSE| LEGENDS|

CCAESARAVGPONMTRPOTIII
CCAESARAVGGERMANICVS
CCAESARAVGGERMANICVSPONMTRPOT
CCAESARAVGGERMPMTRPOT
CCAESARDIVIAVGPRONAVGPMTRPIIII
CCAESARDIVIAVGPRONAVGSC
CCAESARAVGPONMTRPOTIIICOSIII
CCAESARAVGGERMPMTRPOT

REFERENCES|

American Numismatic Society (ANS) Collections Database Online - http://numismatics.org/search/search
Banti, A. & L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Florence, 1972-1979).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry & P. Ripollès. Roman Provincial Coinage I: From the death of Caesar to the death of Vitellius (44 BC-AD 69). (London, 1992 & suppl.).
Calicó, X. The Roman Avrei, Vol. One: From the Republic to Pertinax, 196 BC - 193 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Cayón, J. Los Sestercios del Imperio Romano, Vol. I: De Pompeyo Magno a Matidia (Del 81 a.C. al 117 d.C.). (Madrid, 1984).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 1: Pompey to Domitian. (Paris, 1880).
Giard, J. "Les emissions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon" in RN 18 (1976), pp. 69-81.
Giard, J. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon, des origines au règne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 après J.-C.). (Wetteren, 1983).
Giard, J. Monnaies de L'Empire Romain II: De Tebère à Néron. Catalogue Bibliothèque nationale de France. (Paris, 1988).
Mattingly, H. & R. Carson. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum, Vol 1: Augustus to Vitellius. (London, 1923).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. I. Augustus to Nerva. (Oxford, 1962).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, The Millennium Edition, Vol. One, The Republic and the Twelve Caesars 280 BC - AD 86. (London, 2000).
Sutherland, C. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. I, From 39 BC to AD 69. (London, 1984).
Toynbee, J. Roman medallions. ANSNS 5. (New York, 1944).
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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