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Byzantine Empire, Manuel I Comnenus, 8 April 1143 - 24 September 1180 A.D.
Called ho Megas ("the Great"), Manuel inspired intense loyalty in those who served him. He appears as the hero of a history written by his secretary, John Kinnamos, in which every virtue is attributed to him. Modern historians, however, have been less enthusiastic. Some argue that, since Byzantine imperial power declined catastrophically after Manuel's death, it is necessary to look for the causes of this decline in his reign.BZ89926. Billon aspron trachy, DOC IV-1 13f; Wroth BMC 40; Morrisson BnF 61/Cp/B/17 39; Hendy pl. 17, 1; Ratto 2127; SBCV 1966; Sommer 61.11, EF, scyphate, a little porous, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, weight 3.811g, maximum diameter 28.2mm, die axis 180o, 8 Apr 1143 - 24 Sep 1180 A.D.; obverse Christ Pantokrator seated facing on throne without back, bearded, wearing nimbus cruciger, pallium, colobium, Gospels in left hand, star to left and right, IC - XC (Greek abbreviation: Ihsoús Xristós - Jesus Christ) flanking head; reverse MANVHΛ ΔECΠ (or similar), Virgin Mary standing, on right, nimbate, wearing pallium and maphorium, crowns emperor with right, Manuel standing, on left, wearing divitision, loros, and chlamys, labarum in right, globus cruciger in left; SOLD
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