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France, Philip IV, 1285 - 1314 A.D.
King Philip IV, deeply in debt to the Knights Templar, took advantage of rumors about the Order's secret initiation ceremony. On Friday, October 13, 1307, he had the Order's members in France arrested (the origin of the Friday the 13th superstition). Pope Clement, under threat from Philip, instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets. Many Templars were tortured into giving false confessions and burned at the stake. Grand Master Jacques de Molay, burned alive in Paris in 1314, called out from the flames, "Dieu sait qui a tort et a pëché. Il va bientot arriver malheur à ceux qui nous ont condamnés à mort" ("God knows who is wrong and has sinned. Soon a calamity will occur to those who have condemned us to death"). Pope Clement died only a month later, and King Philip died in a hunting accident before the end of the year.ME86328. Silver Gros Tournois, Duplessy 217, Ciani 200, Roberts 2465, Lafaurie I 219, gVF, toned, weight 4.032g, maximum diameter 26.1mm, die axis 90o, c. 1298(?); obverse outer legend: + BNDICTV: SIT: NOmE: DNI: nRI: DEI: IhV: XPI (the name of our Lord Jesus Christ be blessed, triple pellet stops), inner legend: + PHILIPPVS' REX (King Philip, lis stop); cross pattée; reverse TVRONVS' CIVIS (City of Tours, annulet on T, lis stop), Châtel tournois topped with a lis, tressure border of twelve lis within arches; ex Gordon Andreas Singer; SOLD
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