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Dai Ngu (Northern Vietnam|), The Ho Dynasty, 1400 - 1407
The Ho Dynasty was a short-lived six-year reign of two emperors, Ho Quy Ly in 1400 to 1401 and his second son, Ho Han Thuong, from 1401 to 1407. In 1400, Ho Qui Ly dethroned the last Tran emperor, declared himself emperor, and renamed the country from Dai Viet to Dai Ngu. In 1401, he abdicated in favor of his second son Ho Han Thuong. In accordance with the former Tran dynasty's tradition, Ho Qui-Ly styled himself as Emperor Emeritus and still possessed much power over state affairs. In 1402 the Ho forced the Champa king to surrender southern Quang Nam and northern Quang Ngai. Ho Qui Ly initiated many economic, financial and educational reforms. He introduced paper money, but it failed due to counterfeiting. More successful reforms included land reform, opening of ports to foreign trade, reform of the judiciary, improved health care and opening the education system to the study mathematics and agriculture alongside Confucian texts. A surviving Tran prince appealed to the Chinese emperor. The Tran prince and a Chinese ambassador accompanying him to claim his throne were ambushed and killed. The Ming army invaded. Ho Qui-Ly was captured, exiled to China, and forced to enlist in the Ming army as a common soldier. Ho Qui Ly and Ho Han Thuong both died in Chinese exile.VN83971. Bronze cash, Toda 31, Barker 122.1 and 138, aVF, dark patina, light dusting of highlighting earthen deposits, weight 1.519g, maximum diameter 20.6mm, 1402 - 1407; obverse Thanh Nguyen Thong Bao, seal script; reverse plain, no rim, hole nearly round; SOLD
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