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Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.
Roma was a female deity who personified the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state. The earliest certain cult to dea Roma was established at Smyrna in 195 B.C., probably to mark the successful alliance against Antiochus III. In 30/29 B.C., the Koinon of Asia and Bithynia requested permission to honor Augustus as a living god. "Republican" Rome despised the worship of a living man, but an outright refusal might offend their loyal allies. A cautious formula was drawn up, non-Romans could only establish a cult for divus Augustus jointly with dea Roma. In the city of Rome itself, the earliest known state cult to dea Roma was combined with Venus at the Hadrianic Temple of Venus and Roma. This was the largest temple in the city, probably dedicated to inaugurate the reformed festival of Parilia, which was known thereafter as the Romaea after the Eastern festival in Roma's honor. The temple contained the seated, Hellenised image of dea Roma with a Palladium in her right hand to symbolize Rome's eternity.RB110004. Orichalcum dupondius, Hunter II 166, RIC III 1035, BMCRE IV 1428, Cohen III 282, VF, well centered, nice green patina, heavy flan, high points flatly struck, Rome mint, weight 16.417g, maximum diameter 26.8mm, die axis 180o, 171 - 172 A.D.; obverse M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVI, radiate head right; reverse IMP VI COS III (imperator 6 times, consul 3 times), Roma seated left, wearing crested helmet, Victory bearing wreath and palm in right hand, long vertical scepter in right hand, large shield decorated with head of Medusa at side leaning against near side of seat; first specimen of this type handled by FORVM; SOLD
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