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Selge, Pisidia, c. 2nd - 1st Century B.C.
Selge, Pisidia on the southern slope of Mount Taurus where the river Eurymedon (Köprücay) forces its way through the mountains, was once the most powerful and populous city of Pisidia. Protected by precipices, torrents, and an army of 20,000 regarded as worthy kinsmen of the Spartans, Selge was never subject to a foreign power until Rome. In the 5th century A.D., Zosimus calls it a little town, but it was still strong enough to repel a body of Goths. The remains of the city consist mainly of parts of the encircling wall and of the acropolis. A few traces have survived of the gymnasium, the stoa, the stadium and the basilica. There are also the outlines of two temples, but the best-conserved monument is the theater, restored in the 3rd century A.D.GB86923. Bronze chalkous, SNG BnF 1979; SNG Cop 263; SNGvA 5288; SNG PfPs 368; BMC Lycia p. 262, 47; SGCV II 5491, F, mottled patina, tight flan (as usual for the type), weight 2.738 g, maximum diameter 13.7 mm, die axis 0o, Selge (southern slope of Mount Taurus, Turkey) mint, c. 2nd - 1st century B.C.; obverse bearded head of Herakles right, club over left shoulder; reverse winged thunderbolt, arc (bow?) on right, top end of arc ornamented with a stag head, Σ−E−Λ divided low across field; $45.00 (€45.45)
German States, Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, Arnold von Solms, 1286 - 1296 A.D.
Bamberg is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, laid out over seven hills where the Regnitz and Main rivers meet. The town dates back to the 9th century, when its name was derived from the nearby Babenberch castle. Its old town preserves structures from the 11th to 19th centuries including the muraled Altes Rathaus (town hall), which occupies an island in the Regnitz reached by arched bridges. The Romanesque Bamberg Cathedral, begun in the 11th century, features four towers and numerous stone carvings. Cited as one of Germany's most beautiful town, with medieval streets and Europe's largest intact old city wall, the old town of Bamberg has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993.ME92171. Silver bracteate pfennig, Krug Bamberg 87, aVF, toning, uneven weak strike, weight 0.465 g, maximum diameter 16.7 mm, die axis 0o, Bamberg mint, 1286 - 1296 A.D.; obverse eight point rosette or star within linear circle, surrounded by four alternating crescents and crosses with pellets between them; reverse incuse of the obverse; $45.00 (€45.45)
Bohemia, Wladislaus II, 1471 - 1516
Vladislaus II was King of Bohemia from 1471 to 1516, and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1490 to 1516. After Matthias's death, Vladislaus laid claim to Hungary (his mother was sister of Matthias's predecessor). The Diet of Hungary elected him king after his supporters defeated John Corvinus. Two other claimants, Maximilian of Habsburg and his own brother, John Albert, invaded Hungary, but they failed and made peace. In Bohemia and in Hungary, Vladislaus always approved the decisions of the Royal Council, hence his nickname "Dobzse László," meaning "King Very Well." Due to concessions made before his election, the treasury could not finance a standing army. The Ottomans made regular raids against the southern border and after 1493 even annexed territories in Croatia.ME92751. Billon heller, cf. Hoskova p. 163, 596-597; Donebauer 963, VF, weak uneven strike, tight flan, weight .0298 g, maximum diameter 13.0 mm, die axis 0o, Kuttenberg mint, 1471 - 1516; obverse crowned initial W between rings; reverse blank (incuse trace of obverse); ex Manfred Olding-Münznehdl (Osnabrück, Germany), with a couple old collector tags; $45.00 (€45.45)
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
Mars is usually depicted nude and Virtus in military garb, but this figure is identified as Mars because it appears to be male.RA94172. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 636a, RSC IV 1322, Cunetio 1278, Normanby 264, SRCV III 10416, RIC V-1 S330 (S) corr. (obv. leg.), Hunter IV - (p. lxiv), aVF, tight flan cutting off much of legend, ragged edge, weight 1.953 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 180o, 10th offficina, Rome mint, 261 - 262 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right; reverse VIRTVS AVGVSTI (to the valor of the Emperor), Mars (or Virtus) standing left, helmeted, right foot on helmet, wearing military garb, olive branch in right hand, inverted spear in left, foot on helmet, X left; scarce; $45.00 (€45.45)
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
This coin was dedicated to Jupiter the protector. Jupiter or Jove, Zeus to the Greeks, was the king of the gods and god of the sky and thunder, and of laws and social order. As the patron deity of ancient Rome, he was the chief god of the Capitoline Triad, with his sister and wife Juno. The father of Mars, he is, therefore, the grandfather of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. Emperors frequently made vows to Jupiter for protection. The Roman's believed as the king of the gods, Jupiter favored emperors and kings, those in positions of authority similar to his own.RA94173. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 626a, RSC IV 361, Hunter IV S60, RIC V-1 S210 var. (N left), SRCV III -, gVF/gF, full legends on a broad flan, sharp attractive portrait, reverse die wear, edge cracks and splits, weight 2.367 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 260 - 268 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right; reverse IOVI CONSERVAT (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing left, thunderbolt in right, long scepter in left hand, N right; $45.00 (€45.45)
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
Pax, regarded by the ancients as a goddess, was worshiped not only at Rome but also at Athens. Her altar could not be stained with blood. Claudius began the construction of a magnificent temple to her honor, which Vespasian finished, in the Via Sacra. The attributes of Peace are the hasta pura, the olive branch, the cornucopia, and often the caduceus. Sometimes she is represented setting fire to a pile of arms.RA94196. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 603a, Cunetio 1193, RSC IV 727, RIC V-1 S256, SRCV III -, Hunter IV -, gVF, much silvering, edge a bit ragged, weight 3.079 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Rome mint, 9th emission, c. 265 - 267 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right; reverse PAX AVG (the peace of the Emperor), Pax standing slightly left, olive branch in right hand, transverse scepter in left hand, ∆ left; $45.00 (€45.45)
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
In 280, Julius Saturninus, the governor of Syria, was made emperor by his troops. Probus besiege him at Apamea, where he was captured and executed.RL94811. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 347C (also 5th officina); RIC V-2 921; SRCV III 11960; Cohen VI 87; Pink VI-1, p. 40, 2, aVF, well centered, heavy earthen deposits, porosity, weight 3.771 g, maximum diameter 22.0 mm, die axis 0o, 5th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 280 - 281 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Probus on left, standing right, in military garb, transverse eagle-tipped scepter in left hand, receiving globe from Jupiter with right hand, Jupiter on right, standing left, nude but for cloak, long scepter vertical in left hand, offering globe with right hand, E• in center, XXI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; $45.00 (€45.45)
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
This issue is listed as undated in RIC, but Pink dates this type to 280 A.D., in "Der Aufbau der Römischen münzprägung in der Kaiserzeit: VI/1. Probus" in NZ 73 (1949).RL94818. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 353, RIC V-2 927C, Cohen VI 91, SRCV III -, gF, dark patina, nice portrait, earthen deposits, weight 4.268 g, maximum diameter 22.8 mm, die axis 0o, Tripolis (Tripoli, Lebanon) mint, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse CLEMENTIA TEMP (time of peace and calm), Emperor, on left, standing right, holding eagle tipped scepter, receiving globe from Jupiter, Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, long scepter vertical in left hand, * in center, XXI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; scarce mint; $45.00 (€45.45)
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
A sum of Greek numerals E (5) and ∆ (4) is used to indicate the 9th officina in order to avoid using Θ (9). Because they sound alike, theta (Θ) was associated with Thanatos, the daemon personification of death. Theta was used as a warning symbol of death, in the same way that skull and crossbones are used in modern times. It survives on potsherds used by Athenians voting for the death penalty. Also, after a funeral "Nine Days of Sorrow," were solemnly observed by the family.RL94824. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 339 (also 9th officina); RIC V-2 925C; Cohen VI 509; Pink VI, 2nd emission, p. 40; SRCV III 12021, VF, well centered, earthen deposits, porosity, reverse die wear, weight 3.860 g, maximum diameter 21.0 mm, die axis 0o, 9th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 280 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVT ORBIS (to the restorer of the world), woman on left, standing right, presenting wreath to Probus; Probus on right, standing left, globe in right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand, E∆ in center, XXI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; $45.00 (€45.45)
Maximinus II Daia, May 310 - 30 April 313 A.D.
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Roman People, etc. The legend GENIO AVGVSTI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Augusti, the Emperors.RL94872. Billon follis, RIC VI Alexandria 162b, SRCV IV 14843, Cohen VII 17, Hunter V 126 var. ( no wreath), aVF, heavy earthen deposits, weight 5.300 g, maximum diameter 20.4 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Alexandria mint, 313 A.D.; obverse IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMINVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse GENIO AVGVSTI (to the guardian spirit of the Emperor), Genius standing slightly left, kalathos on head left, head of Serapis in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, star upper left, N over palm-branch left, Γ over wreath right, ALE in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; $45.00 (€45.45)