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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Greek Imperial| ▸ |Judaea & Palestine||View Options:  |  |  |   

Roman Provincial Coins from Judaea and Palestine

Coins of Judaea and Palestine are also presented in our Judean and Biblical catalog section. Here all coins of Roman Judaea and Palestine are grouped together and listed from highest price to lowest. In our Judean and Biblical catalog section coins are organized by types and rulers and are presented with additional historical information and biblical references.

Judean Kingdom, Herod the Great, 37 - 4 B.C.

|Herod| |the| |Great|, |Judean| |Kingdom,| |Herod| |the| |Great,| |37| |-| |4| |B.C.||eight| |prutot|
The eight prutot was Herod's largest denomination. The style of this scarcer variety is somewhat schematic. The vertical legends are also unusual. This is an appendage group type (O2/R3) as discussed in the Feb '05 Celator.
SH08332. Copper eight prutot, Hendin 6204, Meshorer AJC 1a, MCP O-I-04, Fontanille Celator Feb '05 O2/R3, RPC I 4901, HGC 10 651, VF, areas not fully struck, nice green patina highlighted by buff earthen fill, weight 10.14 g, maximum diameter 28.0 mm, die axis 0o, Samaria mint, 37 B.C.; obverse HPΩΔOY BAΣIΛEΩΣ (Greek: of King Herod) in 3 strait lines, tripod, ceremonial bowl (lebes) above, LΓ - P (year 3 of the tetrarchy = 40 B.C.) across fields; reverse military helmet facing with cheek pieces and straps, wreathed with acanthus leaves, fillets and star above, flanked by two palm-branches; SOLD


The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.

|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||shekel|
Discontent and inept rule led to open rebellion in 66 A.D. The Romans, distracted by the Civil Wars following the death of Nero, were unable to put a speedy end to the revolt. But in 70 A.D., Titus captured and sacked Jerusalem and destroyed the temple.
SH33191. Silver shekel, Hendin 6387, aEF, weight 14.324 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 2, 67 - 68 A.D.; obverse "Shekel of Israel" in Hebrew, Omer cup with pearled rim, date above (year 2); reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Jerusalem the Holy, stem with three pomegranates; SOLD


The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.

|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||shekel|
In 67, Vespasian arrived in Ptolemais, along with Legio X Fretensis and Legio V Macedonica to put down the Jewish Revolt. He was joined by his son Titus, who brought Legio XV Apollinaris from Alexandria. By late the spring the Roman army numbered more than 60,000 soldiers, including auxiliaries and troops of king Agrippa II.
SH28932. Silver shekel, Hendin 6387, EF, weight 13.496 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 2, 67 - 68 A.D.; obverse "Shekel of Israel" in Hebrew, Omer cup with pearled rim, date above (year 2); reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Jerusalem the Holy, stem with three pomegranates; SOLD


The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.

|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||shekel|
On 9 June 68, the Roman Emperor Nero committed suicide four miles outside Rome. He was deserted by the Praetorian Guard and then stabbed himself in the throat.
SH48298. Silver shekel, Meshorer TJC 202a, VF, toned, weight 13.250 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 3, 68 - 69 A.D.; obverse "Shekel of Israel" in Hebrew, Omer cup with pearled rim, date above (year 3); reverse stem with three pomegranates, "Jerusalem the Holy" in Hebrew around; SOLD


Judaea, Valerius Gratus, Roman Prefect Under Tiberius, 15 - 26 A.D., Cohors II Italica Civium Romanorum Countermark

|Valerius| |Gratus|, |Judaea,| |Valerius| |Gratus,| |Roman| |Prefect| |Under| |Tiberius,| |15| |-| |26| |A.D.,| |Cohors| |II| |Italica| |Civium| |Romanorum| |Countermark||prutah|
Now there was a certain man at Caesarea named Cornelius, a centurion of what was called the Italian cohort...(Acts 10:1).

Spijkermann was the first to publish a countermarked prutah, also a Valerius Gratus coin, in 1963. Lönnqvist published the first detailed study, "New Vistas on the Countermarked Coins of the Roman Prefects of Judaea" in INJ 12. Kogon published an update, "Countermarks on Small Judean Coins" in INR 7, identifying 47 known specimens of countermarked prutah of all types. Both papers are available online. Lönnqvist interpreted CΠ in the countermark as an abbreviation for the Greek word ΣΠΕIPA, referring to a Roman legionary tactical unit, a cohors. The use of CΠ referring to a cohors is also known from an inscription. He suggested that the countermarks were applied in 36 - 37 A.D. in Jerusalem to mark the coins as pay for the soldiers of the cohors II Italica civium Romanorum.
JD111613. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6369a (same c/m); RPC I 4966.8-11 (same); Meshorer TJC 330 (same); countermark: Kogon 3b, Howgego GIC 386, coin: Fair, countermark: VF, weight 2.195 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, 24 - 25 A.D., c/m: 36 - 37/41 A.D.; obverse TIB / KAI/CAP (Greek: Tiberius Caesar) in three lines within wreath tied at base with an X; reverse palm branch curving right, flanked by IOY-ΛIA (Greek: Julia = Tiberius' mother Livia) above L - IA (year 11 of Tiberius) in two lines across field; countermark: palm frond flanked by C-Π within 8mm circular punch; from the collection of a Texas clergyman, ex J. P. Fontanille Collection (2016); rare countermark; SOLD


Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.

|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||zuz|
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms.
JD91425. Silver zuz, Mildenberg 174 (O22/R109); BMC Palestine, p. 299, 79; SNG ANS 561; Hendin 6462; Meshorer TJC 274, Choice EF, broad flan, flow lines, tiny edge cracks, die wear, weight 3.362 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 225o, Judaean mint, undated issue of year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: Shim'on, bunch of grapes in three lobes hanging from branch, which has a tendril to the left and a leaf to the right; reverse Paleo-Hebrew legend: for the freedom of Jerusalem, kithara with three strings; from the Maxwell Hunt Collection; SOLD


Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.

|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||AE| |20|
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors were dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.
JD98134. Bronze AE 20, Mildenberg p. 332, 156 (O4/R6); SNG ANS 586 (same dies); Meshorer AJC 80; Meshorer TJC p. 255, 301; Hendin 6466; Sofaer p. 283, 166, Choice gVF, well centered and struck, attractive applied desert patina, weight 5.293 g, maximum diameter 18.4 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, undated, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Jerusalem", seven-branched palm tree with two small bunches of dates, top of tree bent to the left; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: 'For the Freedom of Jerusalem', bunch of grapes on vine with small leaf; extraordinary for the type!; scarce; SOLD


Jerusalem or Tyre, 18 - 19 A.D., Judas' 30 Pieces of Silver

|30| |Pieces| |of| |Silver|, |Jerusalem| |or| |Tyre,| |18| |-| |19| |A.D.,| |Judas'| |30| |Pieces| |of| |Silver||shekel|
Judas' 30 Pieces of Silver
"Then one of the 12, called Judas Iscariot, went unto the chief priests, and said unto them, 'What will ye give me, and I will deliver him unto you?' And they covenanted with him for 30 pieces of silver." Matthew 26:14-15. Shekels of Tyre were the only currency accepted at the Jerusalem Temple and are the most likely coinage with which Judas was paid for the betrayal of Christ.

The Temple Tax Coin
"..go to the sea and cast a hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou has opened his mouth, thou shalt find a piece of money: that take, and give unto them [the temple tax collectors] for me and thee." Since the tax was one half shekel per man the coin would have to be a shekel to pay the tax for both Jesus and Peter. Matthew 17:24-27
SH79731. Silver shekel, RPC I 4657; BMC Phoenicia p. 248, 199 var. (controls); Cohen DCA 922; HGC 10 357; Baramki AUB -, VF, toned, marks and scratches, die damage or flan defect obverse top right, weight 13.647 g, maximum diameter 24.2 mm, die axis 0o, Tyre or Jerusalem mint, 18 - 19 A.D.; obverse laureate head of Melqart right, lion's skin knotted around neck; reverse TYPOY IEPAΣ KAI AΣYΛOY (of Tyre the holy and inviolable), eagle standing left, head left, wings closed, right talon on war galley ram, palm frond transverse right behind, Phoenician letter aleph between legs, PMΔ (year 144) and club left, KP over monogram right; SOLD


Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 134 - 136 A.D.

|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |134| |-| |136| |A.D.||AE| |19|
The Bar Kokhba revolt, led by Simon bar Kokhba, was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. The Roman army suffered heavy losses. It took six full legions, auxiliaries, and elements from as many as six more legions three years to crush the revolt. The Romans annihilated much of the Judean population. In 134, the they captured Jerusalem and Simon bar Kokhba was killed in 135. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilt the legionary fortress in Jerusalem and constructed a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. The Jewish diaspora began as Hadrian barred Jews from Jerusalem and had survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many were sold into slavery. The Jewish people remained scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.

Obverse legend:      Reverse inscription:
JD99306. Bronze AE 19, SNG ANS 587; Mildenberg 159 (O4/-); BMC Palestine p. 315, 102; Meshorer TJC 302a; Sofaer 169; Hendin 6467, VF, green patina, light earthen deposits, mild porosity, weight 5.528 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew legend counterclockwise from upper left: "For the Freedom of Jerusalem", bunch of grapes with branch and small leaf; reverse Paleo-Hebrew inscription: "Shimon", seven-branched palm tree with two bunches of fruit, Paleo-Hebrew inscription divided by trunk of palm: "Shimon"; this reverse die is missing from Mildenberg, from a private collector in New Jersey; SOLD


Judaea, Bar Kochba Revolt, 132 - 135 A.D.

|Bar| |Kochba|, |Judaea,| |Bar| |Kochba| |Revolt,| |132| |-| |135| |A.D.||zuz|
These coins are usually overstruck on earlier denarii or drachms. Traces of the undertype are present on the obverse circle of dots.
SH28931. Silver zuz, Hendin 6443, EF, weight 3.313 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 0o, Judaean mint, undated year 3, 134 - 135 A.D.; obverse Shim'on (in Hebrew) within wreath of thin branches wrapped around eight almonds, medallion at the top, tendrils at the bottom; reverse For the freedom of Jerusalem (in Hebrew), palm-branch; toned; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Ariel, D. & J. Fontanille. The Coins of Herod: A Modern Analysis and Die Classification. (Leiden, 2012).
Baramki, D. The Coin Collection of the American University of Beirut Museum. (Beirut, 1974).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (1992 - ).
Fontanille, J. Menorah Coin Project Website. http://menorahcoinproject.org.
Fontanille, J. & S. Gosline. The Coins of Pontius Pilate. (PA, 2001).
Hamburger, H. "Minute coins from Caesarea" in ATIQOT - Journal of The Israel Dept. of Antiquities, Volume I. (Jerusalem, 1955).
Harl, K. "The Coinage of Neapolis in Samaria" in ANSMN 29 (1984), pp. 61–97, pl. 6-15.
Hendin, D. Guide to Biblical Coins. (Amphora, 2010).
Hill, G. Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum: Palestine. (London, 1914).
Kadman, L. The Coins of Aelia Capitolina. (Jerusalem, 1956).
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Kindler, A. "The Coins of Antipatris" in INJ 11 (1990-91).
Kindler, A. "The Coins of the City of Gaba" in B. Mazar (ed.), Gaba - Archaeological Discoveries in Tel Abu-Shusha/Mishmar Ha-Emek. (Tel-Aviv, 1988), p. 64 - 65.
Kindler, A. The Coins of Tiberias. (Tiberias, 1961).
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Meshorer, Y. City-Coins of Eretz Israel and the Decapolis in the Roman Period. (Jerusalem, 1985).
Meshorer, Y. "One Hundred Ninety Years of Tyrian Shekels" in Studies Mildenberg.
Meshorer, Y. Jewish Coins of the Second Temple Period. (Tel-Aviv, 1967).
Meshorer, Y. The Coins of Aelia Capitolina. (Jerusalem, 1989).
Meshorer, Y. "The Coins of Caesarea Paneas" in INJ 8 (1984-5).
Meshorer, Y. "The Coins of Dora" in INJ 9 (1986).
Meshorer, Y. "Monnaies de Raphia" in RN 1976.
Meshorer, Y., et al. Coins of the Holy Land: The Abraham and Marian Sofaer Collection at the American Numismatic Society and The Israel Museum. ACNAC 8. (New York, 2013).
Mildenberg, L. The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War. Typos VI. (Aarau, 1984).
Mildenberg, L. "Yehud: A Preliminary Study of the Provincial Coinage of Judaea" in Essays Thompson. (Wetteren, 1979).
Prieur, M. & K. Prieur. The Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms and their fractions from 57 BC to AD 258. (Lancaster, PA, 2000).
Rosenberger, M. The Rosenberger Israel Collection Vol. I: City-Coins of Palestine: Aelia Kapitolina, Akko, Anthedon Antipatirs and Ascalon. (Jerusalem, 1972).
Rosenberger, M. The Rosenberger Israel Collection Vol. II: City-Coins of Palestine: Caesarea, Diospolis, Dora, Eleutheropolis, Gaba, Gaza and Joppa. (Jerusalem, 1975).
Rosenberger, M. The Rosenberger Israel Collection Vol. III: City-Coins of Palestine: Hipos-Sussita, Neapolis, Nicopolis, Nysa-Scytopolis, Caesarea-Panias, Pelusium, Raphia, Sabaste, Sepphoris-Diocaesarea, Tiberias. (Jerusalem, 1977).
Rosenberger, M. The Rosenberger Israel Collection Vol. IV: The Coinage of Eastern Palestine, and legionary countermarks, Bar-Kochba overstruck. (Jerusalem, 1978).
RPC Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/
Saulcy, F. de. Numismatique de la Terre Sainte: description des monnaies autonomes et impériales de la Palestine et de l 'Arabie Pétrée. (Paris, 1874).
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Spijkerman, A. The Coins of the Decapolis and Provincia Arabia. (Jerusalem, 1978).
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Yashin, C. From Ascalon to Raphia: City Coins of the Southern Palestinian Coast. (Jerusalem, 2007).

Catalog current as of Thursday, March 28, 2024.
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