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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Antiquities| ▸ |Antiquities by Type| ▸ |Oil Lamps||View Options:  |  |  |   

Ancient Oil Lamps

The major use of the ancient lamp was illumination of homes, shops and public buildings. At Pompeii, around 500 lamps were used on one commercial street to light the shops. At religious festivals and games, an enormous number of lamps might be used and large quantities of lamps were used as votive offerings to the gods in temples. Many lamps are found in tombs where they were intended to light the way of the departed. The ancient lamp is an highly collected artifact. All but the most desirable and very finest ancient lamps are priced under $400 and an attractive historical collection can be acquired for a reasonable amount of money.

Late Roman - Byzantine, North Africa, Carthage, Pottery Oil Lamp With Leaping Lion, 5th Century A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Late| |Roman| |-| |Byzantine,| |North| |Africa,| |Carthage,| |Pottery| |Oil| |Lamp| |With| |Leaping| |Lion,| |5th| |Century| |A.D.|
AL23898. Pottery Oil lamp, cf. Ennabli p. 87 & pl. XIV, 290 (very similar, palmettes vice squares and circles); Louvre Lamps p. 109, 89; 14 cm (5 1/2") long, Choice, complete and intact, slip worn, 5th century A.D.; mold made, red clay with cream slip, lion leaping right, stretching from wick hole across channel and discuss toward handle, shoulder decorated with alternating pattern of ornate concentric squares and heart-shapes, with concentric circle on each side at the nozzle end, two fill holes, lug handle, raised ring base, concentric circles mark on bottom; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); SOLD


Late Roman - Byzantine, North Africa, Terracotta Oil Lamp With Leaping Lion, 4th Century A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Late| |Roman| |-| |Byzantine,| |North| |Africa,| |Terracotta| |Oil| |Lamp| |With| |Leaping| |Lion,| |4th| |Century| |A.D.|
AL23909. cf. Goethert p. 167, fig. 107 (herringbone vice oblique fluted); Anawati p. 73, C223 (lion right, loop handle); 12 cm (4 5/8") long, Superb, choice and intact, mold made, orange clay, ovoid body merged into conical, nozzle, concave disk with lion leaping transversely to left, two filling holes, one above and one below lion, disk connected to concave channel on top of nozzle, big wick hole, narrow fluted band of incised oblique lines on each side above broad sloping shoulder, lug handle, concave base with maker's mark; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); SOLD


Ancient Israel, Pinched-Rim Oil Lamp, Iron Age IIA, c. 1000 - 925 B.C.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Ancient| |Israel,| |Pinched-Rim| |Oil| |Lamp,| |Iron| |Age| |IIA,| |c.| |1000| |-| |925| |B.C.|
This type of lamp has many nicknames including: pinched-rim, cocked hat, saucer, and shell type. With few exceptions, they can be roughly dated by the height of the base and the prominence of the rim opposite the nozzle. Both the height of the base and the width of the rim grew over time. On the earliest lamps the edge of the bowl is vertical with no outward folded rim. Most of the earliest lamps have a round bottom, with no distinct base. The last lamps of Southern Israel have a high stepped base comprised of a disk base on a distinct heel. On some of the latest Iron Age lamps the rim becomes so wide and the base so thick that the oil receptacle appears somewhat impractically small. The simple pinched-rim form had a revival in the Hellenistic period, at which time the lamps were smaller and of a finer clay. See our Pinched| Rim| Oil| Lamps| page in NumisWiki.
AA78089. Iron Age, pinched-rim oil lamp; cf. Sussman Bar 1598 982; Alder 1.2.12; Qedem 8 319, Superb condition; 11.8cm (4 5/8") long, 12.2cm (4 3/4") wide, 3.5cm, Iron Age IIA, c. 1000 - 925 B.C.; wheel-made, pink orange clay, cream slip, thin-walled shallow bowl, lip everted, narrow folded spout, round bottom with clay added to the underside of the turned bowl; ex Mera Antiq (Yossi Eilon, Tel Aviv), found in Israel; SOLD


Judean, "Daroma" Terracotta Lamp, 1st Century - First Half of 2nd Century A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Judean,| |"Daroma"| |Terracotta| |Lamp,| |1st| |Century| |-| |First| |Half| |of| |2nd| |Century| |A.D.|
“And you shall command the people of Israel that they bring to you pure beaten olive-oil for the light, that a lamp may be set to burn continually.” Exodus 27:20.

Adler writes, "The decorations testify that these lamps were manufactured and used by Jews." An olive spray, the source of the lamp fuel, ornaments the top of this lamp.

Adler also notes the site of the workshop or workshops for this group is uncertain but "it seems certain they were made in one location because of their common features."
AL34113. Jewish Terracotta Lamp, cf. Adler group 3.3.D.5, no. 325; Warschaw 107 -108, Superb; 9.5 cm (3 3/4"), finely made, ring handle, flat discus with olive branch ornamentation on shoulder, lily on volute nozzle; very attractive; SOLD


Hellenistic, Eastern Mediterranean, "Erotes Confronted" Type Pottery Oil Lamp, c. 250 - 100 B.C.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Hellenistic,| |Eastern| |Mediterranean,| |"Erotes| |Confronted"| |Type| |Pottery| |Oil| |Lamp,| |c.| |250| |-| |100| |B.C.|
This "Erotes Confronted" lamp was found in Israel. The type is identified by its ornamentation - two Erotes standing flanking the filling hole on the lamp's shoulder. Together they usually hold a palmette, lily, or a similar object above their heads. The body is semi-elliptical, undoubtedly influenced the triangular composition of the decor. The type has been found in Africa, Egypt, and the Levant, but the place of manufacture is unknown. See our Erotes| Confronted| Oil| Lamps| page in NumisWiki.
AA78090. Hellenistic "Eros Confronted" type pottery oil lamp; cf. Warschaw p.17, 7; Sussman 2009 162, Qedem 8 p. 13, 24; Frangie-Salles 19051, Choice, encrustations, soot on nozzle, 9.3cm (3 5/8") long, 5.8cm (2 1/4") wide, 3.2cm (1 1/4") high, c. 250 - 100 B.C.; mold-made, pink clay, semi-elliptical body, long nozzle with round tip, ornamented with two nude facing Erotes standing (dancing?) flanking the filling hole on the lamp's shoulder, together they hold a lily (or similar object) above their heads, asymmetrical flat rim around filling hole, framed branch down top of nozzle and others flanking nozzle at creases with body, concentric circles inscribed on base; ex Bruce Munday (Australia, 2017), found in Israel; SOLD


Late Roman - Byzantine, Syria-Palestina, Beit Natif Style Ovoid Lamp, 3rd - 5th Century A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Late| |Roman| |-| |Byzantine,| |Syria-Palestina,| |Beit| |Natif| |Style| |Ovoid| |Lamp,| |3rd| |-| |5th| |Century| |A.D.|
Beit Natif lamps are named after the site where a workshop for the type was found during excavation of two cisterns in the southern part of Judea. The type was imitated throughout Israel. This specimen is a "Northern" imitation. The fine buff clay and red slip "carelessly splashed" on the upper half were for centuries characteristic of a workshop in Gerasa (modern Jerash, Jordan), where we believe this lamp was likely made. See our Beit Nattif| Lamps| page in NumisWiki.
AL78100. Gerasa(?), Northern Beit Natif Style Ovoid Lamp, Adler 4.3, BN.1, 489; Warschaw -; Qedem 8 -, Superb condition, soot on nozzle, red slip worn on high points, 8.2cm (3 1/4") long, 5.6cm (2 1/4") wide, 2.9cm (1 1/8") high, 3rd - 5th Century A.D.; mold made, fine buff clay, red slip "carelessly splashed" on the upper half, large filling hole with high rim surrounded by a thin band, palm wreath band around shoulders, pyramidal shaped handle ornamented with lines, slightly pinched nozzle with round tip, two rope bands between two thin lines across nozzle separating wick hole from body, ring base with center pellet; ex Bruce Munday (Australia, 2017); SOLD


Judaean Kingdom - Roman Judaea, Herodian Oil Lamp, c. 25 B.C. - 100 A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Judaean| |Kingdom| |-| |Roman| |Judaea,| |Herodian| |Oil| |Lamp,| |c.| |25| |B.C.| |-| |100| |A.D.|
This simple but elegant lamp design was developed during the reign of Herod, and thus they are called Herodian Lamps today. The type is found throughout all of Israel, especially in Jewish towns and areas, such as Jerusalem and Judea. Some have been found in Jordan. It is believed to be a type used mainly by Jews. They remained in common use until the end of the first century. The latest examples, from the middle of the second century, have been found in Judean Desert caves. Attempts have been made to more precisely date some of these lamps based on variations, however, excavations indicate the variations occur simultaneously.
AL78088. Herodian oil lamp; cf. Adler 3.1.HER.3, 96; Hayes ROM 53; Schloessinger 331 - 332, Choice condition, most of slip on bottom and sides lost, 9.3cm (3 5/8") long, 7.1cm (2 5/8") wide, 2.2cm (7/8") high, c. 25 B.C. - 100 A.D.; gray clay, pink-cream slip, rounded wheel made body with flat top, rim around filling hole, rounded vertical sides, nozzle with a splayed shape hand-formed separately and attached, nozzle and joint smoothed with a knife; ex Mera Antiq (Yossi Eilon, Tel Aviv), found in Israel; SOLD


Ancient Israel, Pinched-Rim Oil Lamp, Late Bronze Age IIA, c. 1400 - 1300 B.C.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Ancient| |Israel,| |Pinched-Rim| |Oil| |Lamp,| |Late| |Bronze| |Age| |IIA,| |c.| |1400| |-| |1300| |B.C.|
It was in the Late Bronze Age when the pinch first almost closed forming a long pointed spout. The everted rim on the bowl and an added base were not yet developed. Smaller lamps with a flattened bottom appear only in northern Israel. This lamp type, larger with a round bottom, appears throughout Israel. This type continues into Iron Age II but with an everted lip on the bowl growing wider and the height of the base increasing over time. See our Pinched |Rim |Oil |Lamps page in NumisWiki.
AL111482. Iron Age, pinched-rim oil lamp; cf. Tufnell class E; Sussman 2007 595 - 600; Alder 1.1.8; Qedem 8 316, Choice, complete and intact, encrusted, soot on nozzle, 12.9cm (5 1/8") long, 13.2cm (5 1/4") wide, 50cm (2") tall, c. 1400 - 1300 B.C.; wheel-made, coarse pinkish-buff clay, chalk inclusions, thick walled shallow bowl, narrow folded spout, round bottom, rim flattened but not everted; found in Israel, with Israel Antiquities Authority export approval certificate; SOLD


Judaean Kingdom, Hasmonean Dynasty (Maccabees), Archaic Style Folded Buff Oil Lamp, c. 167 - 37 B.C.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Judaean| |Kingdom,| |Hasmonean| |Dynasty| |(Maccabees),| |Archaic| |Style| |Folded| |Buff| |Oil| |Lamp,| |c.| |167| |-| |37| |B.C.|
This Hasmonean era lamp imitates the style of much earlier Bronze and Iron Age pinched rim oil lamps. During the Hasmonean era, these archaic imitative lamps, more finely made and smaller than most of the originals, were popular in Jerusalem and the surrounding area. They reconnected the Jewish people to the golden age of the Davidic dynasty five centuries before. See our Pinched| Rim| Oil| Lamps| page in NumisWiki.
AL78081. Hasmonean Judaea Archaic Style Folded Buff Oil Lamp; Tushingham fig. 24, 9, Superb condition, buff clay, wheel made then folded, soot on nozzle; 8.7cm (3 3/8") long, 5.7cm (2 1/4") wide, 3.0cm (1 1/4") high, ex Archaeological Center (Robert Deutsch, Tel Aviv, Israel), auction 53 (4 Oct 2012), lot 125; found in Israel; SOLD


Early Christian, Late Roman, Antioch, Syria, Pottery Oil Lamp, 5th - 6th Century A.D.

|Oil| |Lamps|, |Early| |Christian,| |Late| |Roman,| |Antioch,| |Syria,| |Pottery| |Oil| |Lamp,| |5th| |-| |6th| |Century| |A.D.|
AL34421. Christian oil lamp; cf. Anawati C275 (very similar but different discus/shoulder ornamentation); 10.2 cm (4") long, Choice - Superb, buff with red-orange slip, flat high-handle ornamented with cross inside round border of a band of dots between concentric circles, steep shoulders, ridge around discus and nozzle forming channel, geometric dot in crescent design on shoulders; very rare; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Adler, N. Oil Lamps of the Holy Land from the Adler Collection. (Israel, 2004).
Adler, S. Adler Collection Website: http://www.steve-adler.com/OilLampsMain.htm
Alicu, D & E. Nemes. Roman Lamps from Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa. BAR 18. (Oxford, 1977).
Amiran, R. Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land From its Beginning in the Neolithic Period to the End of the Iron Age. (New Brunswick, 1970).
Bailey, D. A Catalogue of Lamps in the British Museum. (British Museum, 1975-96).
Bailey, D. Excavations at Sidi Khrebish Benghazi (Berenice). Vol. III, Part 2: The Lamps. (Tripoli, 1985).
Bailey, D. Greek and Roman Pottery Lamps. (Portsmouth, 1963).
Barag, D. Hanita, Tomb XV: A Tomb of the Third and Early Forth Century CE. Atiqot 13 (1978).
Baur, P. The lamps, The excavations at Dura-Europos conducted by Yale University and the French Academy of Inscriptions and Letters. Final report 4, pt. 3. (New Haven, 1947).
Broneer, O. Corinth, Vol. IV, Part II: Terracotta Lamps. (Princeton, 1930).
Broneer, O. Isthmai, Vol. III: Terracotta Lamps. (Princeton, 1977).
Bussière, J. & B. Wohl. Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum. (Los Angeles, 2017).
Dejean, H. Lampes Antiques à travers les Ages: Le Corpus. (La Gaude, France, 2012).
Djuric, S. The Anawati Collection, Ancient Lamps From the Mediterranean. (Toronto, 1995).
Ennabli, A. Lampes chrétiennes de Tunisie (Musée du Bardo et de Carthage). (Paris, 1976).
Frecer, R. Gerulata: The Lamps, A Survey of Roman Lamps in Pannonia. (Prague, 2014).
Goethert, K. Römische Lampen und Leuchter. Auswahlkatalog des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Trier (Schriftenreihe des Rhein. Ldesmus. Trier, 14). (Trier, 1997).
Hayes, J. Ancient Lamps in the Royal Ontario Museum - I: Greek and Roman Clay Lamps. (Toronto, 1980).
Howland, R. The Athenian Agora IV: Greek Lamps and their Survivals, American School at Athens, 1958.
Israeli, Y. & U. Avida. Oil-Lamps from Eretz Israel - the Louis and Carmen Warschaw collection at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem. (Jerusalem, 1988).
Kehrberg, I. "Selected lamps and pottery from the Hippodrome at Jerash Syria" in Archéologie, Art et histoire, 1989.
Kennedy, C. "The Development of the Lamp in Palestine" in Berytus Archaeological Studies 14 (Beirut, 1963), pp. 67-115.
Lafli, E. (ed.). Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Bronzes from Anatolia and Neighbouring Regions. Bar 3038. (Oxford, 2021).
Lyon-Caen, C. & V. Hoff. Catalogue des Lampes en terre cuite Grecques et Chretiennes. Muse´e du Louvre. (Paris, 1986).
Menzel, H. Antike Lampen im Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum zu Mainz. (Mainz, 1954).
Mlasowsky, A. Die antiken Tonlampen im Kestner-Museum Hannover. (Hannover, 1993).
Osborne, A. Lychnos et Lucema. Catalogue raisonné d'une collection de lampes en terre cuite trouvées en Egypte. (Alexandria, 1924).
Ostrasz, A. & Kehrberg-Ostrasz, I. The Hippodrome of Gerasa: A Provincial Roman Circus. (Oxford, 2020).
Petrie, W. Ehnasya and Supplement. (London, 1904 - 1905).
Petrie, W. Gerar. (Vienna, 1928).
Perlzweig, J. The Athenian Agora VII: Lamps of the Roman Period, First to Seventh Century After Christ. (Princeton, 1961).
Rosenthal, R. & R. Sivan. Ancient Lamps in the Schloessinger Collection. Qedem 8. (Jerusalem, 1978).
Schäfer, S. & L. Marczoch. Lampen der Antikensammlung. (Frankfurt am Main, 1990).
Sellers, O. The Citadel of Beth-Zur. (Philadelphia, 1933).
Shier, L. Terracotta Lamps From Karanis, Egypt, Excavations of the University of Michigan. (Ann Arbor, 1978).
Slane, K. Corinth, Vol. XVIII, Part II: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, The Roman Pottery and Lamps. (Princeton, 1990).
Sussman, V. Greek and Hellenistic Wheel- and Mould-Made Closed Oil Lamps in the Holy Land, Collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority. BAR 2015. (Jerusalem, 2009).
Sussman, V. "Lamps - mirror of the sea" in Sefunim (Bulletin) of the National Maritime Museum Haifa, 8, 1994, pp. 80-100.
Sussman, V. Late Roman to Late Byzantine/Early Islamic Period Lamps in the Holy Land: The Collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority. (Oxford, 2017).
Sussman, V. Oil-Lamps in the Holy Land: Saucer Lamps: From the Beginning to the Hellenistic Period: Collections of the Israel Antiquities Authority. BAR 1598. (Jerusalem, 2007).
Sussman, V. Ornamented Jewish Oil-Lamps From the Destruction of the Second Temple Through the Bar-Kokhba Revolt. (Jerusalem, 1972).
Sussman, V. Roman Period Oil Lamps in the Holy Land: Collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority. BAR 2447. (Oxford, 2012).
Sussman, V. "Samaritan Lamps of the Third-Fourth Centuries A.D." in Israel Exploration Journal, vol. 28, no. 4 (1978), pp. 238 - 250.
Stanislau, L. Light and Life: Ancient Christian Oil Lamps of the Holyland. (Jerusalem, 2001).
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Tushingham, D. Excavations in Jerusalem, 1961-67, Vol. I. (Toronto, 1985).
Walters, H. Catalogue of the Greek and Roman Lamps in the British Museum. (British Museum, 1914).
Westenholz, J. (ed.). Let There Be Light – Oil-Lamps from the Holy Land. (Jerusalem, 2004).

See Lamp in NumisWiki for additional references.

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