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Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.
On 3 July 324, at Adrianople, Constantine defeated Licinius forcing him to retreat to Byzantium. Crispus destroyed Licinius' fleet at the Battle of Hellespont in the Dardanelles, allowing his father to cross over the Bosporus and besiege Licinius. On 18 September, Constantine I decisively defeated Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis and became sole emperor.RL94848. Billon centenionalis, Hunter V 283 (also 6th officina), RIC VII Thessalonica 123 (R2), SRCV IV 16221, Cohen VII 123, VF, well centered on a tight flan, attractive desert patina, weight 2.943 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 180o, 6th officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 324 A.D.; obverse CONSTANTINVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse D N CONSTANTINI MAX AVG, VOT / XX in two lines within wreath, TSEVI in exergue; from the Ray Nouri Collection; rare; $100.00 (€92.00)
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
n 348, the Goth bishop Wulfila escaped religious persecution by the Gothic chieftain Athanaric and obtained permission from Constantius II to migrate with his flock of converts to Moesia and settle near Nicopolis ad Istrum (Bulgaria).RL92667. Billon reduced centenionalis, RIC VIII Nicomedia 48, LRBC I 1306, SRCV V 18074, Cohen VII 335, Hunter V -, VF, centered on a tight flan cutting of tops of legend letters, earthen encrusted, weight 1.137 g, maximum diameter 14.04 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, 347 - 348 A.D.; obverse D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed head right; reverse VOT / XX / MVLT / XXX in four lines within wreath, SMKA in exergue; $19.00 (€17.48)
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
In a religious context, votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity. The word comes from the past participle of voveo, vovere; as the result of the verbal action "vow, promise", it may refer also to the fulfillment of this vow, that is, the thing promised. The votum is thus an aspect of the contractual nature of Roman religion, a bargaining expressed by do ut des, "I give that you might give."RS79818. Silver siliqua, RIC VIII Antioch 35 (R2), RSC V 338A, SRCV V 17925, Hunter V -, Cohen VII -, EF, well centered, toned, nice surfaces with a few light marks, weight 3.152 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 30o, Antioch mint, c. 340 - 342 A.D.; obverse pearl-diademed head right, with eyes raised to heaven, no legend; reverse VOTIS / XV / MVLTIS / XX in four lines within laurel wreath with jewel at the top, tied at the bottom, ANT in exergue; very rare; SOLD