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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Tetrarchy| ▸ |Maximian||View Options:  |  |  |   

Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.

In 286 A.D., Maximian was sent by the Emperor Diocletian against Gaulish rebels, and upon their defeat was raised to the rank of Augustus on 1 April 286. When Diocletian instituted the Tetrarchy, Maximianus was made emperor of the Western empire and seven years later Constantius I joined him as Caesar. Maximianus was forced to abdicate with Diocletian in 305 A.D., but the year after he resumed the throne with his son Maxentius. Forced to abdicate once again at the Conference of Carnute, he resumed the title of Augustus once more in 310 A.D. but was defeated and forced to commit suicide by Constantine the Great.

|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||argenteus|
The Sisak Hoard of more than 2000 silver argentei, most of them mint-state, plus silver vessels, was found in 1953 near Siscia (Croatia). Still today, nearly all the high grade early argentei of the early tetrarchy on the market came from this hoard. The deposition of the hoard can be placed in the year 295/296.
SH53585. Silver argenteus, Sisak Hoard 2, RIC VI 32b, RSC V 625f, Superb EF, weight 3.092 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 180o, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, 294 A.D.; obverse MAXIMIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse VIRTVS MILITVM (courage of the soldiers), the four princes sacrificing over tripod before the gate of an eight-turreted enclosure; ex H. S. Perlin Co., 1988; small flan crack, fabulous rainbow iridescent toning, near perfect centering, from the 1953 Sisak hoard; SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||argenteus|
In theory, the Roman Empire was not divided by the dual imperium of Diocletian and Maximian. Each emperor had his own court, army, and official residences, but these were matters of practicality, not substance. Imperial propaganda insisted on a singular and indivisible Rome, a patrimonium indivisum. Legal rulings were given and imperial celebrations took place in both emperors' names, and the same coins were issued in both parts of the empire. Diocletian sometimes issued commands to Maximian's province of Africa; Maximian could presumably have done the same for Diocletian's territory.
SH21640. Silver argenteus, RIC VI Roma 40b, RSC V 622g, Choice aMS, full circle strike on both obverse and reverse, obverse struck with a cracked die, weight 2.812 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 295 - 297 A.D.; obverse MAXIMI-ANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse VIRTVS MILITVM (courage of the soldiers), the four princes sacrificing over tripod before the gate of a six-turreted enclosure, E in exergue; SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |285| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||argenteus|
SH32813. Silver argenteus, RIC VI Thessalonica 15b, Choice EF, weight 3.004 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 195o, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 302 A.D.; obverse MAXIMIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse VIRTVS MILITVM (courage of the soldiers), campgate with three turrets, •T•S•Γ• in exergue; full circles strike; rare (R4); SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |285| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||argenteus|
"'Argenteus' is the modern name of the 95% fine silver coins of about 3.15 grams which the Tetrarchy issued beginning with Diocletian's coinage reform in 294. They were struck at a nominal 96 to the Roman libra (pound), which gave them a theoretical weight of 3.40 grams, but the government simply over-valued them. The term 'siliqua' replaces the term 'argenteus' during the reign of Constantine I, but argenteus is applied interchangeably with the term '1½ siliqua' for fourth and fifth century Roman silver coins struck at about 3.0 grams (since the siliqua was reduced to about 2.0 grams about 355)." - Moneta Historical Research by Thomas Schroer
SH34717. Silver argenteus, RIC VI Thessalonica 15b, Choice EF, weight 3.004 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 195o, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 302 A.D.; obverse MAXIMIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse VIRTVS MILITVM (courage of the soldiers), campgate with three turrets, •T•S•Γ• in exergue; full circles strike; rare (R4); SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||follis| |(large)|
Hubert Cloke, co-author of The London Mint of Constantius & Constantine informed us, "The plate coin in my collection (ex Freeman and Sear) is die linked to your coin. In writing our book Lee Toone and I noted another example in the Domqueur hoard. I know of another example in an as yet unpublished French hoard." This coin is then the fourth specimen known to him.
RT96907. Billon follis (large), Cloke-Toone 4.03.012 (same dies), Domqueur Hoard 1278 (pl. XVIII), RIC VI Londinium 50 (R), Cohen VI 169, Hunter V -, SRCV IV -, Mantis ANSCD -, Choice gVF, well centered, nice portrait, bare-copper porous surfaces, weight 9.757 g, maximum diameter 28.9 mm, die axis 180o, Londinium (London, England) mint, 1 May 305 - spring 307 A.D.; obverse IMP MAXIMIANVS P F IN AVG (Imperator Maximianus Pius Felix Invictus Augustus), laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from front; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius of the Roman people standing left, naked except for chlamys over shoulder, kalathos on head, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand; extremely rare; SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||argenteus|
"'Argenteus' is the modern name of the 95% fine silver coins of about 3.15 grams which the Tetrarchy issued beginning with Diocletian's coinage reform in 294. They were struck at a nominal 96 to the Roman libra (pound), which gave them a theoretical weight of 3.40 grams, but the government simply over-valued them. The term 'siliqua' replaces the term 'argenteus' during the reign of Constantine I, but argenteus is applied interchangeably with the term '1½ siliqua' for fourth and fifth century Roman silver coins struck at about 3.0 grams (since the siliqua was reduced to about 2.0 grams about 355)." - Moneta Historical Research by Thomas Schroer
SH21403. Silver argenteus, RIC VI Carthago 13b, RSC V 92, VF, weight 3.094 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 0o, Carthago (near Tunis, Tunisia) mint, 296 - 298 A.D.; obverse MAXIMIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse F ADVENT AVGG NN, Africa standing facing wearing an elephant-head headdress, holding tusk and standard, bull at feet to left, S in exergue (obscured); very rare (R3); SOLD


Maximian, 285 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D., Commemorative issued by Maxentius

|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |285| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.,| |Commemorative| |issued| |by| |Maxentius||follis| |(large)|
The Temple of Divus Romulus on the Via Sacra, and adjoining the Basilica Maxentius, was unfinished at the time of the usurper Maxentius' downfall in 312 A.D. Both structures were completed under Constantine. The temple presumably was dedicated to the founder of the city rather than to Maxentius' son.
SH34671. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Ostia 26, Cohen VI 17, SRCV IV 15055, VF, weight 5.394 g, maximum diameter 24.7 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Ostia (port of Rome) mint, late 309 - Oct 312 A.D.; obverse IMP MAXENTIVS DIVO MAXIMIANO PATRI, veiled head right; reverse AETERNA MEMORIA, domed hexastyle shrine, eagle on top with head left and wings open, right door ajar, MOSTT in exergue; ex Beast Coins architecture collection; rare; SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||follis| |(large)|
Quies is the personification of rest and retirement. This coin honors the Senior Emperors Diocletian and Maximian after their abdication in 305 A.D. The obverse dedicates the coin, "to our lord Maximian the happy senior emperor." The reverse translates, "By the providence of the gods, the restful retirement of the Emperors."
SH12509. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Serdica p. 495, 15b; SRCV IV 13408; Cohen VI 489/493; Hunter V -, gem gVF, full circle centering, beautiful effect with silver fields and red copper raised features, weight 8.917 g, maximum diameter 27.8 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, 305 - 306 A.D.; obverse D N MAXIMIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle, olive branch in right hand, mappa in left hand; reverse PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia stands left, Quies stands right holding branch and scepter, S - F at sides, B in center, •SM•SD• in exergue; SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||follis| |(large)|
Moneta was a surname given to Juno because she was said to have promised the Romans that if they fought only just wars, they would never be in want of money.
SH82555. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Aquileia p. 316, 35b; SRCV IV 13297; Cohen VI p. 545, 504; Hunter V p. 26, 61 var. (1st officina), Choice EF, full centering, sharp, weight 8.979 g, maximum diameter 28.2 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Aquileia (Italy) mint, c. 302 - 303 A.D.; obverse IMP MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse SACR MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR (the sacred money of our two emperors and two princes), Moneta standing left, scales in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, VI right, AQS in exergue; SOLD


|Maximian|, |Maximian,| |286| |-| |305,| |306| |-| |308,| |and| |310| |A.D.||follis| |(large)|
Quies is the personification of rest and retirement. This coin honors the Senior Emperors Diocletian and Maximian after their abdication in 305 A.D. The obverse dedicates the coin, to our lord Maximian the happy senior emperor. The reverse translates, By the providence of the gods, the restful retirement of the Emperors.
SH51542. Billon follis (large), RIC VI Cyzicus p. 582, 23b; SRCV IV 13412; Cohen VI 489/493; Hunter V -, Choice gVF, well centered and struck, some silvering, weight 11.442 g, maximum diameter 28.1 mm, die axis 0o, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, 305 - 307 A.D.; obverse D N MAXIMIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle, olive branch in right hand, mappa in left hand; reverse PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia on left standing right, extending right hand to Quies, who is standing left with branch in right and leaning on scepter in left, S - F across fields, KΔ in exergue; scarce; SOLD




  




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|OBVERSE LEGENDS

AVRVALMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
DIVOMAXIMIANOAVG
DIVOMAXIMIANOIVNAVG
DIVOMAXIMIANOOPTIMP
DIVOMAXIMIANOOPTIMOIMP
DIVOMAXIMIANOPATRIMAXENTIVSAVG
DIVOMAXIMIANOSEN
DIVOMAXIMIANOSENAVG
DIVOMAXIMIANOSENFORTIMP
DIVOMAXIMIANOSENIMP
DIVOMAXIMIANOSOCEROMAXENTIVSAVG
DNMAXIMIANOBSAVG
DNMAXIMIANOBAEATIS
DNMAXIMIANOBAEATISS
DNMAXIMIANOBAEATISSSENAVG
DNMAXIMIANOBAEATISSI
DNMAXIMIANOBAEATISSIM
DNMAXIMIANOBAEATISSIMOSENAVG
DNMAXIMIANOBEATISSIMOSENAVG
DNMAXIMIANOFELICIS
DNMAXIMIANOFELICISS
DNMAXIMIANOFELICISSSENAVG
DNMAXIMIANOFELICISSI
DNMAXIMIANOFELICISSIM
DNMAXIMIANOFELICISSIMOSENAVG
DNMAXIMIANOPFSAVG
DNMAXIMIANOSENINVAVG
IMPCCVALMAXIMIANVSPAVG
IMPCCVALMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMAMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPCMAMAXIMIANVSPAVG
IMPCMAMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMAVALMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPCMAVALMAXIMIANVSPAVG
IMPCMAVALMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMAVMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMAVRMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPCMAVRMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMAVRVALMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPCMAVRVALMAXIMIANVSPAVG
IMPCMAVRVALMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMVALMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPCMVALVAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPCMAXIMIANVSPAVG
IMPCMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPCMAXIMIANVSPIAVG
IMPCMAXIMIANVSPPAVG
IMPCVALMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPCVALMAXIMIANVSPAVG
IMPCVALMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPMAVRMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPMAVRVALMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPMAXENTIVSDIVOMAXIMIANOPATRI
IMPMAXENTIVSDIVOMAXIMIANOSOCERO
IMPMAXIMIANOPFSAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSAVGCOSVII
IMPMAXIMIANVSPAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSPFEAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSPFELAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSPFAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSPFAVGCOSVII
IMPMAXIMIANVSPIFEAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSPIVSAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSPIVSAVGVST
IMPMAXIMIANVSPIVSFAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSPIVSFELIXAVG
IMPMAXIMIANVSSENAVG
MAVRMAXIMIANVSSENAVG
MAXIMIANVSAVG
MAXIMIANVSAVGVSTVS
MAXIMIANVSPAVG
MAXIMIANVSPFAVG
MAXIMIANVSSENPFAVG
VIRTVSMAXIMIANIAVG


REFERENCES

Bastien, P. Le monnayage de I'atelier de Lyon, Diocletien et ses coregents avant la reforme monetaire (285 - 294). (Wetteren, 1972).
Bastien, P. Le Monnayage de l'Atelier de Lyon, De la Réforme Monétaire de Dioclétien à la fermeture temporaire de l'Atelier en 316 (294 - 316). (Wetteren, 1980).
Bastien, P. & F. Vaselle. Le trésor monétaire de Domqueur, Somme. (Wetteren, 1965).
Calicó, X. The Roman Avrei, Vol. Two: From Didius Julianus to Constantius I, 193 AD - 335 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Cloke, H. & L. Toone. The London Mint of Constantius & Constantine. (London, 2015).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 6: Macrianus to Diocletian & Maximianus. (Paris, 1886).
Depeyrot, G. Les monnaies d'or de Diocletien à Constantin I (284-337). Moneta 1. (Wetteren, 1995).
Gnecchi, F. I Medaglioni Romani. (Milan, 1912).
Jelocnik, A. The Sisak Hoard of Argentei of the Early Tetrarchy. (Ljubljana, 1961).
King, C. Roman Quinarii from the Republic to Diocletian and the Tetrarchy. (Oxford, 2007).
King, C. & D. Sear. Roman Silver Coins, Vol. V, Carausius to Romulus Augustus. (London, 1987).
MANTIS the American Numismatic Society Collections Database - http://numismatics.org/search/
Mattingly, H., E. Sydenham & P. Webb. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. V, Part II, Probus to Amandus. (London, 1933).
Maurice, J. Numismatique Constantinienne. (Paris, 1908 - 1912).
Paolucci, R. & A. Zub. La monetazione di Aquileia Romana. (Padova, 2000).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. IV. Valerian I to Allectus. (Oxford, 1978).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. V. Diocletian (Reform) to Zeno. (Oxford, 1982).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. IV: The Tetrarchies and the Rise of the House of Constantine...Diocletian To Constantine I, AD 284 - 337. (London, 211).
Sutherland, R. & C. Carson. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. VI, From Diocletian's reform to the death of Maximinus. (London, 1967).
Voetter, O. Die Münzen der romischen Kaiser, Kaiserinnen und Caesaren von Diocletianus bis Romulus: Katalog der Sammlung Paul Gerin. (Vienna, 1921).

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